[PConline first evaluation]This year’s DIY hardware market is not very friendly to gamers. First of all, the mining tide at the beginning of the year led to the soaring price of graphics cards. Finally, the mining tide faded and Intel’s so-called 14nm capacity crisis occurred, and the price of CPU began to soar. The price of NVIDIA’s new RTX graphics cards was even more expensive. When the price of Intel CPU soars, we can choose AMD Ryzen processor, which is more affordable, as a substitute. Then, when the price of NVIDIA soars, we naturally hope that AMD can come up with better new products to make us feel refreshed. It’s not, RX 590 is coming.

　　Today, AMD officially released a brand-new RX 590 graphics card. Today, let PConline Jia Xiaobin take you to see if this new graphics card can undertake the sacred task of saving the majority of DIY players.

　　Under normal circumstances, there will be a large section of technical analysis about the product in the first test, but not this time, because the RX 590 will not have too many innovations, and we can summarize it from several aspects.

　　First, the graphics card still adopts Polaris architecture, and the core code is Polaris 30.

　　Second, the number of stream processors for graphics cards is still 2,304, which means that the specifications of RX 590 are the same as those of RX 580, which may not be in line with our cognition. After all, the specifications of AMD graphics cards will be improved compared with those of ~90 models, but this is the reality.

　　Third, the graphics card uses Grofonde’s latest FinFET 12nm, which should be the same technology as the second generation Ruilong. Judging from the performance of the second generation Ruilong,GF’s 12nm process can improve the overclocking ceiling of the core and reduce the power consumption of the same frequency.Let’s see if this is the case in the following test.

　　Fourth, the video memory of the graphics card is 8GB, and the GDDR5 video memory is still used.

　　From the comparison of the following tables, we can see the difference between RX 590 and RX 580 and RX 480 more intuitively.

　　Parameter comments:Because the Polaris 20 core used by RX 580 is already a complete body of Polaris architecture, there is no room for increasing specifications. Therefore, the adoption of Polaris architecture by RX 590 also means parameters such as stream processor and texture unit of graphics card.And RX 580 are exactly the same., but using a better process to Refresh the core, so the improvement of frequency and the change of power consumption have become the biggest differences of RX 590, which are also the focus of this evaluation.

　　This is the same routine as the upgrade of RX 580 compared with RX 480. Simply speaking, RX 590 is a duplicated version of RX 480.The difference is that RX 580 uses the same process as RX 480, but the process is more mature and allows AMD to overclock, while RX 590 uses a brand-new 12nm process, and the frequency progress is also relatively large.

　　To be honest, Xiaobian is still a little disappointed with the parameters of RX 590. Although the frequency of RX 590 is 205MHz higher than that of RX 580, it is about 15%, but when the graphics card specifications are unchanged,With the increase of frequency, the performance of graphics cards will increase less and less.Just like the so-called barrel theory, how much water can be loaded depends on the short board of the barrel.

　　The starting price did not increase, and it remained at the same 1999, which is good.

　　Considering the huge performance gap between GTX 1070 and GTX 1060, it seems impossible for RX 590 to challenge GTX 1070 this time. Is this the case? Don’t worry, the later on-board measurement can solve your doubts.

　　This time, RX 590, like RX 580, is also the first launch, and it is directly released in a non-public version. This time, we also got a non-public version of the sapphire RX 590 Ultra Platinum Aurora Special Edition, which is also the protagonist of this RX 590 evaluation.

　　The appearance of the graphics card is basically the same as that of RX 580 Ultra Platinum Aurora Special Edition, with the ancestral "gas stove" shape, but the graphics card is dominated by light blue color matching and decorated with a little gray, which makes the square graphics card look very energetic and no longer rigid.

　　The video card fan is an LED fan with a diameter of 95mm, and its blades are transparent, which makes it easy to transmit light when starting. At the same time, the video card fan is designed to be detachable, so consumers can replace it themselves when they don’t like light pollution or the fan is faulty.

　　There will be a sapphire RGB belief light at the top of the graphics card, which supports 6 modes.

　　The external power supply of the graphics card is designed as 8+6pin, which is consistent with the RX 580 Ultra Platinum Aurora Edition.

　　The thickness of the graphics card is about 2.2 slots, and it is filled with very dense fins, which is a good material in the mid-range graphics card, which also shows that the heat of the graphics card should be considerable.

　　The graphics card also has a large area of backboard, and the backboard is mainly light blue. The large area of backboard can not only play a protective role, but also assist the graphics card to dissipate heat.

　　The graphics card also has two BIOS, and the mute BIOS is close to the video output interface.The core frequency is 1545MHz consistent with the public version, the video memory frequency is 8000MHz, and the other side is the game BIOS, with the core frequency of 1560MHz and the effective video memory frequency of 8400MHz.

　　The video output interface of the graphics card is designed as 2 HDMI+2 DP+1 DVI.

　　It is not difficult to disassemble the graphics card. Just unscrew all the screws on the back plate with a moderately sized Phillips screwdriver. The heat dissipation material of the graphics card is still good. The part in direct contact with the GPU uses a pure copper base, and the parts in contact with the video memory and power supply are also covered with heat conduction stickers.

　　The graphics card uses 4 heat pipes, 2 8mm and 2 6 mm.

　　Next, look at the PCB board of the graphics card.

　　This is the high-definition codeless recent photo of Polaris 30 core.

　　The core size is about 14 mm * 18 mm.

　　The memory comes from magnesium light, with a single capacity of 1GB, a total of 8.

　　The power supply of the graphics card is designed as 6+1+1, and the fourth generation black diamond inductor and 16K black gold capacitor are used to ensure the stability of the power supply of the core and video memory.

　　The disassembly of the graphics card is here. Let’s carry out the on-board measurement that everyone is most concerned about.

　The platform collocation of graphics card test is very important. The following is the test platform used in the initial evaluation of RX 590.

　　In order to ensure that the CPU and memory of the platform will not become bottlenecks, we all try to use high-standard hardware. Although the i7-8700K is the flagship of the previous generation, it is more than enough to squeeze out the performance of the mid-range graphics card, and the memory of 3200MHz is also luxurious for the mid-range installed configuration.

　　The above is the information displayed by the sapphire RX 590 Ultra Platinum Aurora Special Edition in GPU-Z. Because GPU-Z has not been updated, some information is displayed incorrectly, such as the process or the 14nm process.

　　Because the sapphire RX 590 Ultra Platinum Aurora Special Edition uses mute, the frequency of the graphics card is exactly the same as that of the public version.Therefore, we also use silent BIOS for testing, which can be directly regarded as the performance of RX 590 public version.

　　GTX 1060 uses the public version. There is nothing to say. RX 580 uses ASUS DUAL RX 580 O8G.Because its frequency is 1360MHz, it is very close to the public version, and its performance is about 1~2% different from that of RX 580, which can basically be regarded as RX 580 public version..

　　The GTX 1070 was close to production stop a long time ago, so it was difficult to find this graphics card, and the evaluation room could only find this ASUS DRAGON GTX 1070 TOP8G. It is worth noting that the frequency of this GTX 1070 has reached 1671MHz, and the nominal maximum frequency is 1874MHz (of course, the actual BOOST frequency of the N card is definitely much higher than this), which is 11% higher than that of the public version.It is one of the strongest GTX 1070 non-public versions, and its theoretical performance is 6~8% stronger than that of GTX 1070 public version.Of course, the power consumption of the graphics card will be about 40w higher, so you want to know the performance gap between the RX 590 public version and the GTX 1070 public version in the following test.Properly reduce the performance of GTX 1070 in the test..

　　The situation of RX VEGA 56 is similar. We only found the sapphire RX VEGA 56 ultra-platinum limited edition as the test graphics card, but we used the silent BIOS of the graphics card.The performance is 2~4% better than that of RX VEGA 56 public version.The power consumption is about 30w higher.

　　First, the theoretical test of 3DMark, in addition to the two commonly used tests of FireStrike Extreme and FireStrike Ultra, there is also the Time Spy of DirectX 12 benchmark performance test for game PC launched by 3DMark. At the same time, in order to ensure the beauty of the chart, the name of the graphics card is omitted.

　　Summary of theoretical performance test:In the end, sapphire RX 590 is 12%, 14% and 11% stronger than ASUS RX 580 in the three tests, which is not a big improvement, but the gap is not small.

　　Compared with the GTX 1060 public version, it is 17~22% stronger, and compared with the ASUS DRAGON GTX 1070 TOP8G, it is about 22~28% behind, not to mention the sapphire RX VEGA 56 ultra-platinum limited edition.

　　Simply put, the theoretical performance of RX 590 should be just inserted between GTX 1060 and GTX 1070..

　　However, 3DMark can only measure the theoretical performance of the graphics card after all, and how many game frames the graphics card can bring is what we are most concerned about. Let’s measure the game below. There are 6 games we tested, including the latest and most popular 3A masterpieces Assassin’s Creed: Odyssey, Tomb Raider: Shadow and Extreme Racing: Horizon 4, as well as the game Singularity Ashes, which Microsoft used to promote DX12′ s own operation. The test results are very representative.

1. Tomb Raider: Shadow

　　Unconsciously, Laura has been with us for 20 years, and has developed into the 11th generation. Today, she has been able to support all kinds of latest, true and most eye-catching graphics technologies.

2. Extreme Racing: Horizon 4

　　As an old racing game, forza motorsport series is very famous. This series is made by Playground Games. The open world of this series is the biggest highlight different from the original series. It is known as "the best racing game in this century", and its picture quality is exquisite and optimized. Netizens who like racing must not miss it.

3. Assassin’s Creed: Odyssey

　　Assassin’s Creed: Odyssey is the 11th work in the Assassin’s Creed series, which was created by Ubisoft. In the game, players will return to ancient Greece and play a mercenary with Spartan ancestry who was sentenced to death by his family, thus starting an epic journey from a young abandoned man to a legendary hero. The plot design and image quality of the game are very brilliant, and it is a strong competitor for the best game of the year.

4. "Singularity Ash"

　　Microsoft’s personal work to promote DX12 API perfectly supports all the effects of DX12. Benchmark optimization is in place, and it is also very suitable for testing DX12 performance and graphics performance of graphics cards.

5. Strange Squad

　　"Strange Squad" is also a new game that went on the market only at the end of August. The PC started and supported DX12 perfectly, and the Steam list was highly rated.

6. "Whole Territory Blockade"

　　It is also a classic masterpiece created by Ubisoft, which is all the rage. It is said that the second one will come out soon, and then our evaluation room will test the game with the new version.

　　Summary of game evaluation:The improvement of RX 590 compared with RX 580 is obvious. At 1080p, it can generally improve about 7 or 8 frames. In many games, it can be improved from "playable" to "fluent 60 frames", which is not bad. We summarize the performance of five graphics cards in six games under 1080p, and get the following chart.

　　At 1080p, sapphire RX 590 Aurora Special Edition can lead GTX 1060 public edition by about 14% and ASUS DUAL RX 580 O8G by about 13% on the frequency of public edition. However, the RX 590 is still about 25% behind the ASUS DRAGON GTX 1070 TOP8G, and about 35% behind the sapphire RX VEGA 56 ultra-platinum limited edition.

　　When it comes to 2k resolution, because A card has always been willing to allocate video memory, the bandwidth of video memory of A card at the same level will be larger than that of N card. The higher the resolution, the better the performance of A card in comparison, and this time is no exception. At 2K resolution, RX 590 is 20% ahead of GTX 1060, and about 23% behind ASUS DRAGON GTX 1070 TOP8G.

　　Since it is impossible to test the power consumption of a certain hardware separately, the following are all the power consumption of the whole machine, which are three application scenarios. The game is fully loaded with the peak power consumption of the whole machine in the 11》Benchmark process of Tomb Raider 11, and the graphics card is fully loaded with the peak power consumption of the whole machine in the 3DMark stress test.

　　Power consumption has always been the most disadvantage of A card. From the results, A card really can’t reach the excellent energy efficiency ratio as N card, and the gap is not small. The platform power consumption of RX 590 is about 100w higher than that of GTX 1060, and 30~40w higher than that of high-frequency GTX 1070.

　　We mainly look at the new technology to make the new AMD graphics card compare with the old one. From the results, the power consumption of RX 590 with public version frequency is still higher than that of RX 580 with public version frequency, which is about 40 W. Does this mean that GF’s 12nm process is useless?

　　We also found the sapphire RX 580 ultra-platinum limited edition as a comparison. The sapphire RX 580 ultra-platinum limited edition is the highest frequency RX 580, reaching 1450MHz. From the results, the platform power consumption of sapphire RX 580 Ultra Platinum Limited Edition is basically the same as that of sapphire RX 590 Ultra Platinum Aurora Special Edition, and even the RX 590 platform is slightly lower.However, the frequency of the sapphire RX 590 Ultra Platinum Aurora Special Edition is 95MHz higher.

　　That is to say, GF’s 12nm technology can increase the power consumption of graphics cards by about 100MHz.Looking at the new technology in this way is not a gimmick, it is indeed an improvement. In fact, we probably know how much progress GF has made at 12nm from the performance of the second-generation Ruilong compared with the first-generation Ruilong, and the GPU core is larger, which makes it more difficult to improve the frequency. We can only say that the performance of this process is in line with Xiaobian’s expectations, and there is progress, but the improvement is not great.

　　Let’s take a look at the performance of sapphire RX 590 Ultra Platinum Aurora Special Edition in terms of temperature, noise and stability. The test performance of this graphics card is closely related to the design and manufacturing skills of sapphire graphics cards.

3DMARK stress test results:

　　In the 3DMark stress test, 97% passed, and finally the graphics card passed the test with a score of 98.6%, indicating that the stability of the graphics card is no problem. In the stress test, the highest instantaneous frequency of the graphics card is 1514MHz, which does not reach the nominal value of 1545. It may be limited by TDP. Click on the picture to see the specific value.

　　Summarizing the stability performance of the tested graphics cards, the performance of sapphire RX 590 Ultra Platinum Aurora Special Edition is quite good, which reflects the basic skills of sapphire graphics card manufacturing.

Full load temperature test:

　　In fact, the 3DMARK stress test just now also showed this temperature performance.

　　Although the heat dissipation material of the graphics card is very willing, RX 590 is indeed a big fever. Finally, the full-load temperature of the graphics card still reaches 75 C, but this temperature is OK, and the difference of several degrees Celsius will not obviously affect the user experience.

Noise test:

　　The noise of the graphics card is 54 decibels, which belongs to a quiet level, and the noise control of the graphics card is quite good.

About noise:

　　0-20 decibels: very quiet, almost imperceptible; 20-40 decibels: quiet, like whispering; 40-60 decibels: general indoor conversation; 60-70 decibels: noisy: harmful to nerves; 70-90 dB: It is noisy and nerve cells are destroyed. 90-100 decibels: increased noise and hearing loss; 100-120 decibels: unbearable, temporarily deaf after staying for one minute. Above 120 decibels: extremely deaf or totally deaf; About 300 dB or above: 20km of people in Fiona Fang are irreparably deaf.

　　From the above power consumption test, we know that the new technology is really helpful to reduce the power consumption of the graphics card (at the same frequency), so can the new technology greatly improve the overclocked ceiling of the graphics card? Let’s do the overclocking test of the graphics card.

　　We downloaded TRIXX from official website of Sapphire as overclocking software for graphics card, and overclocked the core with a gradient of 50MHz until the graphics card appears abnormal situations such as split screen, blue screen and stuck, and then gradually lowered the frequency at 10MHz. After the core frequency is determined, the memory frequency is properly exceeded in the same way.

　　The process of overclocking omits 10 thousand words, and finally we put the graphics cardThe core frequency has stabilized at 1650MHz.The overclocking amplitude is 6.8%.The actual frequency of video memory has exceeded 2120MHz.The overclocking range is 6%. The overclocking range of this graphics card really surprised me. Let’s take a look at the performance of the graphics card after overclocking.

　　The higher the frequency of the graphics card of the same specification, the smaller the income after overclocking, but the performance of the graphics card is still improved by about 5% after overclocking, and it is still a little far from touching the GTX 1070 ass. The closest one is 3DMark FSU, which is about 8% different from the GTX 1070 public version.

　　The cost of overclocking is also quite high. The power consumption of the graphics card has increased by about 60w. Strangely, the power consumption of the platform game is basically the same as that of the baking machine, but it is the same after repeated tests, probably because the frequency of the graphics card in the game is not stable. In short, players who want to overclock should remember to prepare a high-power power supply with good quality. After all, this wattage is almost catching up with RX VEGA 56.

　　The comprehensive evaluation of RX 590 is here for the time being. I believe that after reading the whole article, everyone will have a more comprehensive understanding of AMD’s new graphics card. Next is your favorite comprehensive performance percentage chart.

　　Finally, we synthesize the game performance of the graphics card at 1080p/2K and the theoretical performance of 3DMark, and get the above chart.The comprehensive performance of RX 590 with public frequency is about 18% ahead of GTX 1060, and about 11% ahead of ASUS DUAL RX 580 O8G which is close to public performance.

　　However, the graphics card is still about 25% behind the ASUS DRAGON GTX 1070 TOP8G, and about 37% behind the sapphire RX VEGA 56 ultra-platinum limited edition. However, these are non-public graphics cards, and the reduction of the non-public edition will bring the corresponding performance increase. Xiao Bian roughly estimated that RX 590 is about 16% behind the GTX 1070 public edition and about 33% behind the RX VEGA 56 public edition. Of course, this is only a rough estimate. Please read it.

I prefer to call it RX 580X rather than RX 590.

　　Previously, the RX 580 high-frequency non-public comparison RX 480 public version has only increased by 13%. Although the RX 590 also adopts the routine of frequency raising, the improvement is more sincere. GF’s 12nm technology can improve the performance of the second generation Ruilong by about 10% compared with the first generation Ruilong, and also improve the performance of RX 590 by about 12% when the power consumption is slightly increased. This 10% improvement is really good in the CPU field, but it is not enough in the graphics card field, not to mention that NVIDIA’s 10-series graphics card has an amazing 70% improvement compared with the 9-series graphics card, even if AMD’s own graphics card is upgraded, such as RX 480 compared with R9 380X.　

　　AMD may also consider this point, and did not give the new graphics card the title of RX 680, but it is the first time that AMD~90 model’s graphics card specifications have not changed ~80 model’s graphics card has not changed. I prefer to call it RX 580X rather than RX 590. (Although RX 580X already exists, it is a RX 580 vest specially supplied by OEM channel.)

Even so, RX 590 is still very competitive in the market.

　　Having said that, the pricing of RX 590 graphics card is more sincere, and most models are still set below 2000 yuan.Considering that even the public version of RX 590 still has a performance gap of at least about 10% compared with the top non-public version of GTX 1060 6GB.That ticket of GTX 1060 priced at 1900 yuan or above has no purchase value, unless your power supply quality is really poor or wattage is low.

　　Most models of RX 590 in the market, such as the sapphire RX 590 Ultra Platinum Aurora Special Edition and Dylan RX 590 Demon, are top-level non-public workmanship. In contrast, many GTX 1060 materials of 1800~2000 yuan are very poor, which makes RX 590 more competitive in the mid-range graphics card market.

　　So is the RX 580 no longer worth buying? Actually, it’s not. Now the price of RX 580 has dropped rapidly. Many beggar versions of RX 580 have dropped to 1599 yuan in JD.COM. Just like GTX 1060, it depends on whether it’s worth buying or not and the actual price.

　　In the face of the GTX 1070 graphics card, which is currently priced at about 3,000 yuan, Xiaobian can only say that the RX 590 is still fragrant.

　　It is reported that AMD’s new graphics card will be put on shelves in JD.COM at 10: 00 on November 16th.And the purchase of RX 580, RX 590 and RX VEGA graphics cards on the same day will send Blizzard game cards worth 210 yuan.Interested netizens can pay attention to a wave.

Write it at the end

　　Although the RX 590 has not improved much this time, AMD’s strategy of running in small steps is quite successful. After all, although high-end graphics cards are the facade, most people buy dessert graphics cards of around 2,000 yuan. Since high-end graphics cards can’t beat them, it is also a smart choice to continue to exert strength in mid-range graphics cards.

　　Many netizens may think that 2060 is coming soon, and it seems useless to produce this graphics card. However, according to the high cost and pricing strategy of this new generation of NVIDIA graphics cards, Xiaobian guessed that the pricing of the new generation of 2060 graphics cards should be around 2500~3500 yuan, which is no longer a competitive product in the pricing range with RX 590. The competitor of RX 590 should be the current GTX 1060 6GB. As for GTX 1070, both performance and price are not in the same range as RX 590.

　　In a word, RX 590 is a graphics card for the market, with few technical highlights. If you have any expectations for the development of A-card, you should wait for the release of 7nm game graphics card NAVI next year, when the process of A-card will be rarely ahead of that of N-card, and AMD may also greatly narrow the gap with NVIDIA by virtue of the double progress of architecture and technology.

Dylan DEVIL RX 590

　　When RX 580 was released last year, Dylan launched the top-end model DEVIL RX 580, and this time is no exception. DEVIL series is commonly known as the devil, which has always represented the top workmanship level of A card and even all graphics cards. The color scheme of red and black and the magic circle have always been the symbol of the devil series.

　　Dylan’s first DEVIL RX 590 looks basically the same as DEVIL RX 580, continuing the relatively dark design style of the devil, and its face value is online. In addition, the frequency of the graphics card will reach 1575MHz, which is the relatively high frequency RX 590.

Asus STRIX RX590 8G GAMING

　　As a card manufacturer, ASUS is naturally indispensable. This STRIX RX590 8G GAMING is the RX 590 model launched by ASUS.

　　I believe everyone is familiar with the appearance of ASUS STRIX graphics card using ancestral radiator. The model released this time is not O8G or T8G, and its performance should be relatively conservative.

????????????????Catalogue
????????Chapter I General Principles
　　Chapter II Conclusion of Labor Contracts
　　Chapter III Performance and Alteration of Labor Contracts
　　Chapter IV Dissolution and Termination of Labor Contracts
　　Chapter V Special Provisions
　　　　Section 1 Collective Contract
　　　　Section 2 Labor Dispatch
　　　　Section 3 Part-time Employment
　　Chapter VI Supervision and Inspection
　　Chapter VII Legal Liability
????????Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

????????????????Chapter I General Principles
　　Article 1 This Law is formulated in order to improve the labor contract system, clarify the rights and obligations of both parties to a labor contract, protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers, and build and develop harmonious and stable labor relations.
　　Article 2 This Law is applicable to enterprises, individual economic organizations, private non-enterprise units and other organizations in People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as employing units) that establish labor relations with laborers and conclude, perform, modify, dissolve or terminate labor contracts.
　　State organs, institutions, social organizations and laborers who have established labor relations with them shall conclude, perform, change, dissolve or terminate labor contracts in accordance with this Law.
　　Article 3 The principles of legality, fairness, equality, voluntariness, consensus through consultation, honesty and credibility shall be followed in concluding a labor contract.
　　The labor contract concluded according to law is binding, and the employer and the employee shall perform the obligations stipulated in the labor contract.
　　Article 4 The employing unit shall establish and improve labor rules and regulations according to law, so as to ensure that laborers enjoy labor rights and perform labor obligations.
　　When an employer formulates, modifies or decides on rules and regulations or major issues directly related to the vital interests of workers, such as labor remuneration, working hours, rest and vacation, labor safety and hygiene, insurance and welfare, employee training, labor discipline and labor quota management, it shall discuss with the workers’ congress or all employees, put forward plans and opinions, and negotiate with the trade union or employee representatives on an equal footing.
　　In the process of implementing rules and regulations and major issues, if the trade union or employees think it inappropriate, they have the right to propose it to the employer and revise and improve it through consultation.
　　The employing unit shall publicize the rules, regulations and major issues directly related to the vital interests of workers, or inform them.
　　Article 5 The labor administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall, together with representatives of trade unions and enterprises, establish and improve a tripartite mechanism for coordinating labor relations and jointly study and solve major issues related to labor relations.
　　Article 6 Trade unions shall help and guide laborers to conclude and perform labor contracts with employers according to law, and establish a collective consultation mechanism with employers to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of laborers.
????????????????Chapter II Conclusion of Labor Contracts
　　Article 7 The employing unit shall establish labor relations with laborers from the date of employment. The employing unit shall establish a roster of employees for future reference.
　　Article 8 When employing workers, the employing unit shall truthfully inform the workers of their work contents, working conditions, working place, occupational hazards, safe production conditions, labor remuneration and other information that the workers require to know; The employer has the right to know the basic information directly related to the labor contract, and the employee shall truthfully explain it.
　　Article 9 The employing unit shall not detain the employee’s resident identity card and other certificates, and shall not require the employee to provide guarantee or collect property from the employee in other names.
　　Article 10 To establish labor relations, a written labor contract shall be concluded.
　　If a labor relationship has been established and a written labor contract has not been concluded at the same time, a written labor contract shall be concluded within one month from the date of employment.
　　If the employer and the employee conclude a labor contract before employment, the labor relationship shall be established from the date of employment.
　　Article 11 If the employer fails to conclude a written labor contract at the same time of employment, and the labor remuneration agreed with the employee is not clear, the labor remuneration of the newly recruited employee shall be implemented in accordance with the standards stipulated in the collective contract; If there is no collective contract or it is not stipulated in the collective contract, equal pay for equal work shall be implemented.
　　Article 12 Labor contracts are divided into fixed-term labor contracts, non-fixed-term labor contracts and labor contracts with the completion of certain tasks as the term.
　　Article 13 A fixed-term labor contract refers to a labor contract in which the employer and the employee agree on the termination time.
　　The employer and the employee may conclude a fixed-term labor contract through consultation.
　　Article 14 An open-ended labor contract refers to a labor contract in which the employer and the employee agree on an indefinite termination time.
　　The employer and the employee may conclude an open-ended labor contract through consultation. Under any of the following circumstances, if an employee proposes or agrees to renew or conclude a labor contract, an open-ended labor contract shall be concluded in addition to the employee’s proposal to conclude a fixed-term labor contract:
　　(1) The employee has worked in the employing unit continuously for ten years;
　　(2) When the employing unit first implements the labor contract system or the state-owned enterprise is restructured and re-concludes the labor contract, the employee has worked continuously in the employing unit for ten years and is less than ten years away from the statutory retirement age;
　　(3) Having successively concluded two fixed-term labor contracts, and the employee does not have the circumstances specified in Items 1 and 2 of Article 39 and Article 40 of this Law, and the labor contract is renewed.
????????If the employer fails to conclude a written labor contract with the employee within one year from the date of employment, it shall be deemed that the employer and the employee have concluded an open-ended labor contract.
　　Article 15 A labor contract with the completion of a certain task as the term refers to a labor contract in which the employer and the employee agree that the completion of a certain job is the term of the contract.
　　The employing unit and the laborer may conclude a labor contract with the completion of certain tasks as the term.
　　Article 16 A labor contract shall come into effect after the employer and the employee reach an agreement through consultation and sign or seal the text of the labor contract.
　　The text of the labor contract shall be held by the employer and the employee respectively.
　　Article 17 A labor contract shall have the following clauses:
　　(a) the name, domicile and legal representative or principal responsible person of the employing unit;
　　(2) The name and address of the laborer and the number of the resident identity card or other valid identity documents;
　　(3) The term of the labor contract;
　　(4) Work content and work place;
　　(five) working hours and rest and vacation;
　　(6) Labor remuneration;
　　(7) Social insurance;
　　(eight) labor protection, working conditions and occupational hazard protection;
　　(nine) other matters that should be included in the labor contract as stipulated by laws and regulations.
　　In addition to the necessary clauses stipulated in the preceding paragraph, the employer and the employee may agree on probation, training, keeping secrets, supplementary insurance and welfare benefits.
　　Article 18 If the labor contract is not clear about the standard agreement on labor remuneration and working conditions, which causes disputes, the employer and the employee may negotiate again; If negotiation fails, the provisions of the collective contract shall apply; If there is no collective contract or the collective contract does not stipulate labor remuneration, equal pay for equal work shall be implemented; If there is no collective contract or the collective contract does not stipulate working conditions and other standards, the relevant provisions of the state shall apply.
　　Article 19 If the term of a labor contract is more than three months but less than one year, the probation period shall not exceed one month; If the term of the labor contract is more than one year but less than three years, the probation period shall not exceed two months; The probation period of a labor contract with a fixed term of more than three years or without a fixed term shall not exceed six months.
　　The same employer and the same employee can only agree on a probation period.
　　A probation period may not be agreed upon in a labor contract whose term is to complete certain tasks or whose term is less than three months.
　　The probation period is included in the labor contract. If the labor contract only stipulates the probation period, the probation period is not established, and this period is the term of the labor contract.
　　Article 20 The salary of a worker during the probation period shall not be lower than the lowest salary of the same position in the unit or 80% of the salary agreed in the labor contract, and shall not be lower than the minimum wage standard where the employer is located.
　　Article 21 During the probation period, the employing unit shall not terminate the labor contract, except for the circumstances stipulated in Article 39 and Item 1 and Item 2 of Article 40 of this Law. If the employer terminates the labor contract during the probation period, it shall explain the reasons to the employee.
　　Article 22 Where an employing unit provides special training fees for laborers and provides them with professional and technical training, it may conclude an agreement with the laborers to stipulate the service period.
　　If the laborer violates the service period agreement, he shall pay liquidated damages to the employer in accordance with the agreement. The amount of liquidated damages shall not exceed the training expenses provided by the employer. The liquidated damages that the employer requires the workers to pay shall not exceed the training expenses that should be shared for the unfulfilled part of the service period.
　　If the employer and the employee agree on the service period, it will not affect the improvement of the employee’s labor remuneration during the service period according to the normal wage adjustment mechanism.
　　Article 23 The employer and the employee may agree in the labor contract to keep the employer’s business secrets and confidential matters related to intellectual property rights.
　　For the workers who have the obligation of confidentiality, the employer may stipulate the non-competition clause with the workers in the labor contract or confidentiality agreement, and stipulate that after the labor contract is dissolved or terminated, the economic compensation will be paid to the workers on a monthly basis within the non-competition period. If the laborer violates the non-competition agreement, he shall pay liquidated damages to the employer in accordance with the agreement.
　　Article 24 The persons who are restricted from competition are limited to the senior managers, senior technicians and other personnel with confidentiality obligations of the employing unit. The scope, region and duration of non-competition shall be agreed by the employer and the employee, and the agreement on non-competition shall not violate the provisions of laws and regulations.
　　After the dissolution or termination of the labor contract, the non-competition period of the personnel specified in the preceding paragraph shall not exceed two years when they go to other employers that have a competitive relationship with their own units to produce or operate similar products or engage in similar businesses, or when they start their own business to produce or operate similar products or engage in similar businesses.
　　Article 25 Except under the circumstances stipulated in Articles 22 and 23 of this Law, the employing unit shall not agree with the laborer that the laborer shall bear the liquidated damages.
　　Article 26 The following labor contracts are invalid or partially invalid:
　　(1) Causing the other party to conclude or change a labor contract against its true meaning by means of fraud, coercion or taking advantage of the danger of others;
　　(2) The employer exempts itself from legal responsibilities and excludes the rights of workers;
　　(3) Violating the mandatory provisions of laws and administrative regulations.
　　If there is a dispute over the invalidity or partial invalidity of a labor contract, it shall be confirmed by the labor dispute arbitration institution or the people’s court.
　　Article 27 If part of a labor contract is invalid and does not affect the validity of other parts, the other parts are still valid.
　　Article 28 If the labor contract is confirmed to be invalid and the laborer has already paid the labor, the employing unit shall pay the laborer the labor remuneration. The amount of labor remuneration shall be determined with reference to the labor remuneration of workers in the same or similar positions in the unit.
????????????????Chapter III Performance and Alteration of Labor Contracts
　　Article 29 The employing unit and the laborer shall fully perform their respective obligations in accordance with the stipulations of the labor contract.
　　Article 30 The employing unit shall, in accordance with the stipulations of the labor contract and the provisions of the state, pay the laborers labor remuneration in full and on time.
　　If the employer is in arrears or fails to pay the labor remuneration in full, the employee may apply to the local people’s court for a payment order according to law, and the people’s court shall issue a payment order according to law.
　　Article 31 The employing unit shall strictly implement the labor quota standards, and shall not force laborers to work overtime or in disguised form. Where the employing unit arranges overtime work, it shall pay overtime pay to the workers in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.
　　Article 32 A laborer who refuses to be commanded by the management personnel of the employing unit in violation of regulations or forces him to take risks shall not be regarded as violating the labor contract.
　　Laborers have the right to criticize, report and accuse the employer of working conditions that endanger life safety and health.
　　Article 33 The change of the employer’s name, legal representative, principal responsible person or investor shall not affect the performance of the labor contract.
　　Article 34 In case of merger or division of the employing unit, the original labor contract shall remain valid, and the employing unit that inherits its rights and obligations shall continue to perform it.
　　Article 35 The employer and the employee may change the contents agreed in the labor contract through consultation. Changes to the labor contract shall be made in written form.
　　The modified text of the labor contract shall be held by the employer and the employee respectively.
????????????????Chapter IV Dissolution and Termination of Labor Contracts
　　Article 36 The employer and the employee may terminate the labor contract through consultation.
　　Article 37 A laborer may terminate the labor contract by giving a written notice to the employing unit 30 days in advance. The employee may terminate the labor contract by notifying the employer three days in advance during the probation period.
　　Article 38 In any of the following circumstances, the employee may terminate the labor contract:
　　(1) Failing to provide labor protection or working conditions as agreed in the labor contract;
　　(2) Failing to pay labor remuneration in full and on time;
　　(3) Failing to pay social insurance premiums for laborers according to law;
　　(four) the rules and regulations of the employing unit violate the provisions of laws and regulations, and damage the rights and interests of workers;
　　(5) The labor contract is invalid due to the circumstances specified in the first paragraph of Article 26 of this Law;
　　(6) Other circumstances in which the laborer can terminate the labor contract as stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.
　　If the employer forces the laborer to work by means of violence, threat or illegal restriction of personal freedom, or if the employer illegally directs or forces the risky operation to endanger the personal safety of the laborer, the laborer may immediately terminate the labor contract without informing the employer in advance.
　　Article 39 The employing unit may terminate the labor contract under any of the following circumstances:
　　(a) during the probation period, it is proved that it does not meet the employment conditions;
　　(2) Seriously violating the rules and regulations of the employing unit;
　　(three) serious dereliction of duty, corruption, causing great damage to the employer;
　　(4) The laborer establishes labor relations with other employers at the same time, which has a serious impact on the completion of the work tasks of the unit, or refuses to make corrections after being put forward by the employer;
　　(5) The labor contract is invalid due to the circumstances specified in Item 1 of Paragraph 1 of Article 26 of this Law;
　　(6) Being investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.
　　Article 40 Under any of the following circumstances, the employer may terminate the labor contract after notifying the employee in writing 30 days in advance or paying the employee an extra month’s salary:
　　(1) The employee is sick or injured outside the work, and cannot engage in the original work or other work arranged by the employing unit after the prescribed medical treatment period expires;
　　(two) the laborer is not competent for the job, and he is still not competent for the job after training or adjusting his post;
　　(3) The objective conditions on which the labor contract was concluded have changed greatly, which makes it impossible to perform the labor contract, and the employer and the employee fail to reach an agreement on changing the contents of the labor contract after consultation.
　　Article 41 Under any of the following circumstances, if it is necessary to reduce the number of employees by more than 20 or less than 20, but accounting for more than 10% of the total number of employees in the enterprise, the employing unit may explain the situation to the trade union or all employees 30 days in advance, and after listening to the opinions of the trade union or employees, it may reduce the number of employees after reporting the reduction plan to the labor administrative department:
　　(a) in accordance with the provisions of the enterprise bankruptcy law;
　　(two) serious difficulties in production and operation;
　　(three) the enterprise changes production, major technological innovation or adjustment of business mode, and it is still necessary to reduce the number of employees after changing the labor contract;
　　(four) other major changes in the objective economic situation on which the labor contract was concluded, resulting in the inability to perform the labor contract.
　　When reducing personnel, priority should be given to retaining the following personnel:
　　(1) Concluding a long-term fixed-term labor contract with the unit;
　　(2) Concluding an open-ended labor contract with the unit;
　　(3) There are no other employees in the family, and there are elderly people or minors who need to be supported.
　　If the employing unit reduces its staff in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of this article and recruits staff again within six months, it shall notify the retrenched staff and give priority to recruiting the retrenched staff under the same conditions.
　　Article 42 The employing unit shall not terminate the labor contract in accordance with the provisions of Articles 40 and 41 of this Law if the laborer is under any of the following circumstances:
　　(1) The worker who is engaged in the operation exposed to occupational hazards fails to undergo occupational health examination before leaving his post, or the suspected occupational disease patient is in the period of diagnosis or medical observation;
　　(2) Suffering from occupational diseases or work-related injuries in this unit and being confirmed to have lost or partially lost the ability to work;
　　(3) Being sick or injured non-work-related, and within the prescribed medical treatment period;
　　(four) female workers during pregnancy, childbirth and lactation;
　　(5) Having worked continuously in this unit for fifteen years, and being less than five years away from the statutory retirement age;
　　(6) Other circumstances stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.
　　Article 43 When an employer unilaterally terminates a labor contract, it shall notify the trade union of the reasons in advance. If the employer violates the provisions of laws, administrative regulations or the labor contract, the trade union has the right to ask the employer to correct it. The employing unit shall study the opinions of the trade union and notify the trade union of the results in writing.
　　Article 44 A labor contract shall be terminated under any of the following circumstances:
　　(a) the expiration of the labor contract;
　　(two) workers began to enjoy the basic old-age insurance benefits according to law;
　　(3) The laborer dies, or is declared dead or missing by the people’s court;
　　(4) The employing unit is declared bankrupt according to law;
　　(5) The business license of the employing unit is revoked, it is ordered to close down or be revoked, or the employing unit decides to dissolve it in advance;
　　(6) Other circumstances stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.
　　Article 45 When a labor contract expires and one of the circumstances specified in Article 42 of this Law occurs, the labor contract shall be extended until the corresponding circumstances disappear. However, the termination of the labor contract of workers who have lost or partially lost their ability to work as stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 42 of this Law shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state on industrial injury insurance.
　　Article 46 Under any of the following circumstances, the employing unit shall pay economic compensation to the workers:
　　(1) The laborer terminates the labor contract in accordance with the provisions of Article 38 of this Law;
　　(2) The employing unit proposes to terminate the labor contract with the employee in accordance with the provisions of Article 36 of this Law and reaches a consensus with the employee to terminate the labor contract;
　　(3) The employer terminates the labor contract in accordance with the provisions of Article 40 of this Law;
　　(4) The employer terminates the labor contract in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 41 of this Law;
　　(5) Terminating a fixed-term labor contract in accordance with the first paragraph of Article 44 of this Law, except that the employer maintains or improves the conditions stipulated in the labor contract to renew the labor contract and the employee does not agree to renew it;
　　(6) The labor contract is terminated in accordance with the provisions of Item 4 and Item 5 of Article 44 of this Law;
　　(seven) other circumstances stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.
　　Forty-seventh economic compensation shall be paid to the laborer according to the number of years he has worked in this unit and the standard of paying one month’s salary for each full year. For more than six months but less than one year, it shall be counted as one year; If it is less than six months, economic compensation of half a month’s salary shall be paid to the workers.
　　If the monthly salary of a worker is three times higher than the average monthly salary of employees in the local area published by the municipal people’s government of the municipality directly under the central government or the city divided into districts where the employer is located, the standard for paying economic compensation to the employee shall be three times the average monthly salary of the employee, and the maximum period for paying economic compensation to the employee shall not exceed 12 years.
　　The monthly salary mentioned in this article refers to the average salary of workers in the twelve months before the dissolution or termination of the labor contract.
　　Article 48 If the employer dissolves or terminates the labor contract in violation of the provisions of this Law, and the laborer requests to continue to perform the labor contract, the employer shall continue to perform it; If the laborer does not request to continue to perform the labor contract or the labor contract can no longer be performed, the employer shall pay compensation in accordance with the provisions of Article 87 of this Law.
　　Article 49 The State shall take measures to establish and improve the system of trans-regional transfer and connection of workers’ social insurance relations.
　　Article 50 The employing unit shall issue a certificate of dissolution or termination of the labor contract when it is dissolved or terminated, and go through the formalities of transferring the relationship between files and social insurance for workers within 15 days.
　　Laborers shall handle the handover of work according to the agreement of both parties. If the employing unit should pay economic compensation to the workers in accordance with the relevant provisions of this law, it shall pay it at the time of completion of the work handover.
　　The employer shall keep the text of the labor contract that has been dissolved or terminated for at least two years for future reference.
????????????????Chapter V Special Provisions
????????????????Section 1 Collective Contract
　　Article 51 On the one hand, the employees of an enterprise and the employing unit can conclude a collective contract on matters such as labor remuneration, working hours, rest and vacation, labor safety and health, insurance and welfare through equal consultation. The draft collective contract shall be submitted to the workers’ congress or all the workers for discussion and adoption.
　　The collective contract shall be concluded by the trade union on behalf of the employees of the enterprise and the employer; For an employer that has not established a trade union, the superior trade union shall guide the representatives elected by the workers to conclude with the employer.
　　Article 52 An enterprise employee and the employing unit may conclude special collective contracts such as labor safety and health, protection of rights and interests of female employees, and wage adjustment mechanism.
　　Article 53 In areas below the county level, industrial collective contracts or regional collective contracts may be concluded between trade unions and representatives of enterprises in industries such as construction, mining and catering services.
　　Article 54 After a collective contract is concluded, it shall be submitted to the labor administrative department; If the labor administrative department does not raise any objection within fifteen days from the date of receiving the text of the collective contract, the collective contract shall take effect.
　　Collective contracts concluded according to law are binding on employers and workers. Industrial and regional collective contracts are binding on local employers and workers in this industry and region.
　　Article 55 The standards of labor remuneration and working conditions in a collective contract shall not be lower than the minimum standards stipulated by the local people’s government; The standards of labor remuneration and working conditions in the labor contract concluded between the employer and the employee shall not be lower than those stipulated in the collective contract.
　　Article 56 If an employer violates the collective contract and infringes upon the labor rights and interests of employees, the trade union may require the employer to bear the responsibility according to law; Disputes arising from the performance of the collective contract cannot be resolved through consultation, and the trade union may apply for arbitration or bring a lawsuit according to law.
????????????????Section 2 Labor Dispatch
　　Article 57 A labor dispatch unit shall be established in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Company Law, with a registered capital of not less than 500,000 yuan.
　　Article 58 A labor dispatch unit is an employing unit as mentioned in this Law and shall fulfill the obligations of the employing unit to the laborers. The labor contract concluded between the labor dispatch unit and the dispatched worker shall not only specify the matters specified in Article 17 of this Law, but also specify the employing unit of the dispatched worker, the dispatch period, the post, etc.
　　The labor dispatch unit shall conclude a fixed-term labor contract with the dispatched workers for more than two years and pay the labor remuneration on a monthly basis; During the period when the dispatched workers are not working, the labor dispatch unit shall pay them monthly remuneration according to the minimum wage standard stipulated by the local people’s government.
　　Article 59 A labor dispatch unit shall conclude a labor dispatch agreement with the unit that accepts employment by labor dispatch (hereinafter referred to as the employing unit). The labor dispatch agreement shall stipulate the number of dispatched posts and personnel, the dispatch period, the amount and payment method of labor remuneration and social insurance premiums, and the responsibility for violating the agreement.
　　The employing unit shall determine the dispatch period with the labor dispatch unit according to the actual needs of the job, and shall not divide the continuous employment period into several short-term labor dispatch agreements.
　　Article 60 A labor dispatch unit shall inform the dispatched workers of the contents of the labor dispatch agreement.
　　The labor dispatch unit shall not deduct the labor remuneration paid by the employing unit to the dispatched workers according to the labor dispatch agreement.
　　Labor dispatch units and employing units shall not charge the dispatched workers.
　　Article 61 Where a labor dispatch unit dispatches laborers across regions, the labor remuneration and working conditions enjoyed by the dispatched laborers shall be implemented according to the standards of the place where the employing unit is located.
　　Article 62 An employing unit shall perform the following obligations:
　　(a) the implementation of national labor standards, provide corresponding working conditions and labor protection;
　　(2) Informing the dispatched workers of their job requirements and remuneration;
　　(3) Pay overtime pay and performance bonus, and provide post-related benefits;
　　(four) to provide the necessary training for the dispatched workers on the job;
　　(five) continuous employment, the implementation of the normal wage adjustment mechanism.
　　The employing unit shall not dispatch the dispatched workers to other employing units.
　　Article 63 The dispatched workers have the right to receive equal pay for equal work with the workers of the employing unit. If the employing unit has no workers in the same position, it shall be determined with reference to the labor remuneration of workers in the same or similar positions where the employing unit is located.
　　Article 64 The dispatched workers have the right to join or organize trade unions in the labor dispatch unit or the employing unit according to law to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.
　　Article 65 A dispatched worker may terminate the labor contract with the labor dispatch unit in accordance with the provisions of Articles 36 and 38 of this Law.
　　If the dispatched workers are in any of the circumstances specified in Items 1 and 2 of Article 39 and Article 40 of this Law, the employing unit may return the workers to the labor dispatch unit, and the labor dispatch unit may terminate the labor contract with the workers in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Law.
　　Article 66 Labor dispatch is generally carried out in temporary, auxiliary or alternative jobs.
　　Article 67 An employing unit may not set up a labor dispatch unit to dispatch laborers to its own unit or subordinate unit.
????????????????Section 3 Part-time Employment
　　Article 68 Part-time employment refers to a form of employment in which workers are paid by the hour, and the average daily working hours in the same employer generally do not exceed four hours, and the cumulative working hours per week do not exceed twenty-four hours.
　　Article 69 Both parties to a part-time employment may conclude an oral agreement.
　　Laborers engaged in part-time employment may conclude labor contracts with one or more employers; However, the labor contract concluded later shall not affect the performance of the labor contract concluded earlier.
　　Article 70 The parties to a part-time employment shall not agree on a probation period.
　　Article 71 Either party to a part-time employment may notify the other party to terminate the employment at any time. When the employment is terminated, the employer does not pay economic compensation to the employee.
　　Article 72 The hourly remuneration standard for part-time workers shall not be lower than the minimum hourly wage standard stipulated by the people’s government where the employer is located.
　　The settlement and payment period of labor remuneration for part-time employees shall not exceed fifteen days at the longest.
????????????????Chapter VI Supervision and Inspection
　　Article 73 The labor administrative department of the State Council is responsible for the supervision and management of the implementation of the national labor contract system.
　　The labor administrative departments of local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the supervision and management of the implementation of the labor contract system within their respective administrative areas.
　　The labor administrative departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in the supervision and management of the implementation of the labor contract system, listen to the opinions of trade unions, representatives of enterprises and relevant industry departments.
　　Article 74 The labor administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall supervise and inspect the following implementation of the labor contract system according to law:
　　(a) the rules and regulations formulated by the employer directly related to the vital interests of workers and their implementation;
　　(2) The conclusion and dissolution of the labor contract between the employer and the employee;
　　(three) the labor dispatch units and employers to comply with the relevant provisions of labor dispatch;
　　(four) the employer’s compliance with the provisions of the state on the working hours and rest and vacation of workers;
　　(five) the employer’s payment of labor remuneration agreed in the labor contract and the implementation of the minimum wage standard;
　　(six) the employer’s participation in various social insurances and payment of social insurance premiums;
　　(seven) other labor supervision matters stipulated by laws and regulations.
　　Article 75 When carrying out supervision and inspection, the labor administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level has the right to consult materials related to labor contracts and collective contracts, and has the right to conduct on-the-spot inspection of the workplace. Both the employer and the laborer shall truthfully provide relevant information and materials.
　　When conducting supervision and inspection, the staff of the labor administrative department shall show their certificates, exercise their functions and powers according to law, and enforce the law in a civilized manner.
　　Article 76 The relevant competent departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level, such as construction, health and production safety supervision and management, shall, within the scope of their respective duties, supervise and manage the implementation of the labor contract system by the employing units.
　　Article 77 If the legitimate rights and interests of laborers are infringed, they have the right to ask the relevant departments to handle it according to law, or apply for arbitration or bring a lawsuit according to law.
　　Article 78 Trade unions shall safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers according to law and supervise the performance of labor contracts and collective contracts by employers. If the employer violates labor laws and regulations, labor contracts and collective contracts, the trade union has the right to put forward opinions or ask for correction; If the laborer applies for arbitration or brings a lawsuit, the trade union shall give support and help according to law.
　　Article 79 Any organization or individual has the right to report violations of this Law, and the labor administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall promptly verify and deal with them, and reward those who report meritorious deeds.
????????????????Chapter VII Legal Liability
　　Article 80 If the rules and regulations of the employing unit directly related to the vital interests of workers violate the provisions of laws and regulations, the labor administrative department shall order it to make corrections and give a warning; If it causes damage to workers, it shall be liable for compensation.
　　Article 81 If the text of the labor contract provided by the employer fails to specify the necessary clauses of the labor contract as stipulated in this Law or the employer fails to deliver the text of the labor contract to the laborer, the labor administrative department shall order it to make corrections; If it causes damage to workers, it shall be liable for compensation.
　　Article 82 If an employer fails to conclude a written labor contract with the employee for more than one month but less than one year from the date of employment, it shall pay the employee twice the monthly salary.
　　If the employing unit fails to conclude an open-ended labor contract with the employee in violation of the provisions of this Law, it shall pay the employee twice the monthly salary from the date when the open-ended labor contract should be concluded.
　　Article 83 If an employing unit violates the provisions of this Law by agreeing a probation period with an employee, the labor administrative department shall order it to make corrections; If the probation period agreed in violation of the law has been fulfilled, the employer shall pay compensation to the employee based on the monthly salary of the employee after the probation period, and according to the period that has been fulfilled beyond the statutory probation period.
　　Article 84 If an employing unit violates the provisions of this Law and distrains the employee’s resident identity card and other documents, the labor administrative department shall order it to be returned to the employee himself within a time limit and impose penalties in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.
　　If an employing unit, in violation of the provisions of this Law, collects property from laborers by way of guarantee or other names, the labor administrative department shall order it to be returned to the laborers within a time limit, and impose a fine at a rate of more than 500 yuan but less than 2,000 yuan per person; If it causes damage to workers, it shall be liable for compensation.
　　If the employee dissolves or terminates the labor contract according to law, and the employer detains the employee’s files or other articles, it shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
　　Article 85 In any of the following circumstances, the employer shall be ordered by the labor administrative department to pay labor remuneration, overtime pay or economic compensation within a time limit; If the labor remuneration is lower than the local minimum wage, the difference shall be paid; If it fails to pay within the time limit, the employer shall be ordered to pay compensation to the laborer according to the standard of more than 50% and less than 100% of the payable amount:
　　(1) Failing to pay laborers’ labor remuneration in full and on time in accordance with the stipulations of the labor contract or the provisions of the state;
　　(2) Paying workers’ wages below the local minimum wage standard;
　　(three) arrange overtime without paying overtime;
　　(four) the dissolution or termination of the labor contract, not in accordance with the provisions of this law to pay economic compensation to the workers.
　　Article 86 If a labor contract is confirmed invalid in accordance with the provisions of Article 26 of this Law, thus causing damage to the other party, the party at fault shall be liable for compensation.
　　Article 87 Where an employing unit dissolves or terminates a labor contract in violation of the provisions of this Law, it shall pay compensation to the laborer at twice the economic compensation standard stipulated in Article 47 of this Law.
　　Article 88 An employing unit shall be given administrative punishment according to law in any of the following circumstances; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law; Those who cause damage to laborers shall be liable for compensation:
　　(a) forced labor by means of violence, threat or illegal restriction of personal freedom;
　　(two) illegal command or forced to take risks to endanger the personal safety of workers;
　　(3) Insulting, physically punishing, beating, illegally searching or detaining laborers;
　　(4) Poor working conditions and serious environmental pollution have caused serious damage to the physical and mental health of workers.
　　Article 89 If an employing unit fails to issue a written certificate of dissolution or termination of a labor contract to a laborer in violation of the provisions of this Law, the labor administrative department shall order it to make corrections; If it causes damage to workers, it shall be liable for compensation.
　　Article 90 If a laborer terminates a labor contract in violation of the provisions of this Law, or violates the confidentiality obligations or non-competition restrictions agreed in the labor contract, thus causing losses to the employing unit, he shall be liable for compensation.
　　Article 91 If an employing unit recruits laborers whose labor contracts with other employing units have not been dissolved or terminated, thus causing losses to other employing units, it shall be jointly and severally liable for compensation.
　　Article 92 Where a labor dispatch unit violates the provisions of this Law, the labor administrative department and other relevant competent departments shall order it to make corrections. If the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 1,000 yuan but not more than 5,000 yuan per person shall be imposed, and the business license shall be revoked by the administrative department for industry and commerce; If damage is caused to the dispatched workers, the labor dispatching unit and the employing unit shall bear joint and several liability for compensation.
　　Ninety-third illegal and criminal acts of an employing unit that does not have the legal business qualification shall be investigated for legal responsibility according to law; If the laborer has already paid labor, the unit or its investor shall pay labor remuneration, economic compensation and compensation to the laborer in accordance with the relevant provisions of this law; If it causes damage to workers, it shall be liable for compensation.
　　Article 94 If individual contractors recruit laborers in violation of the provisions of this Law, thus causing damages to laborers, the contracting organization and individual contractors shall be jointly and severally liable for compensation.
　　Article 95 If the labor administrative department and other relevant competent departments and their staff neglect their duties, fail to perform their statutory duties, or illegally exercise their functions and powers, thus causing damage to the workers or the employing units, they shall be liable for compensation; The directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given administrative sanctions according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.
????????????????Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
　　Article 96 Where there are other provisions in laws, administrative regulations or the State Council on the conclusion, performance, alteration, dissolution or termination of a labor contract between a public institution and a staff member who implements the employment system, such provisions shall prevail; If there is no provision, it shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of this law.
　　Article 97 Labor contracts concluded in accordance with the law before the implementation of this Law and existing on the date of implementation of this Law shall continue to be performed; The number of consecutive fixed-term labor contracts stipulated in Item 3 of Paragraph 2 of Article 14 of this Law shall be counted from the time when the fixed-term labor contract is renewed after the implementation of this Law.
　　If a labor relationship has been established before the implementation of this Law, but a written labor contract has not been concluded, it shall be concluded within one month from the date of implementation of this Law.
　　If the labor contract existing on the date of implementation of this Law is dissolved or terminated after the implementation of this Law, and economic compensation should be paid according to the provisions of Article 46 of this Law, the period of economic compensation shall be counted from the date of implementation of this Law; Before the implementation of this law, according to the relevant regulations at that time, if the employer should pay economic compensation to the workers, it shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant regulations at that time.
　　Article 98 This Law shall come into force as of January 1, 2008.

CCTV News:Today (March 28th) is the 27th national safety education day for primary and secondary school students. A few days ago, the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education and the Public Security Administration of the Ministry of Public Security issued a notice to make comprehensive arrangements for the safety education day.

The notice requires that local education departments and public security organs should deeply understand the extreme importance of doing a good job in safety education, strengthen overall coordination, formulate practical work plans, and extensively carry out various thematic education activities to effectively help the campus to continue to be safe and stable.

The circular stressed that local education departments and public security organs should work with relevant departments to popularize campus safety knowledge, teach safety protection actions, enhance primary and secondary school students’ safety awareness and enhance their self-protection ability. It is necessary to innovate the form of activities, make education entertaining, and enhance the vividness, interest and experience of activities. It is necessary to give full play to their respective functional advantages and actively develop and guide schools to produce various kinds of activity resources. In addition, local education departments and public security organs should do a good job in the publicity of safety education day through various channels, create a good atmosphere of public opinion, and promote the whole society to care about the safety of primary and secondary schools.

The party’s educational policy is the concentrated expression of the party’s theory, line, principles and policies in the field of education, and has a fundamental position and role in the development of education. Huainan Teachers College regards studying, propagating and implementing the Party’s educational policy as an important political task, which is linked with studying and implementing the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on education, linking with implementing the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, combining with studying and educating the Party history, unifying with implementing the newly revised Education Law of the People’s Republic of China, and centering on the fundamental task of "cultivating people by virtue". We will build a "five-education system" of "building people by virtue", "enlightening people by wisdom", "strengthening people by body", "moistening people by beauty" and "training people by labor", and strive to cultivate socialist builders and successors with all-round development of morality, intelligence, body, beauty and labor.

Building people’s virtue, building people’s virtue, building a new wind.

Xiu De is the first to cultivate one’s morality. The school deepens the connotation of moral education, expands the space of moral education activities, enriches the forms of moral education, and the fundamentality, pertinence and effectiveness of moral education work are constantly enhanced. As the most vivid and convincing textbook, the magnificent and shining century-old party history has become the spiritual nourishment to nourish the growth of students. Rich red resources such as the history of the party in the professional performance, the history of the party in the "three characters and one painting" and the history of the party in the handmade works have been transformed into educational forces that moisten the heart. Calligraphy, fine arts, photography, drama, music and other forms of cultural performances in the mass theme of "Always Walk with the Party" have set off a wave of activities to celebrate the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the whole school. The integration of ideological and political education into social practice, voluntary service, practical training, on-the-job teaching, innovation and entrepreneurship makes the nerve endings of moral education extend to every corner of students’ study and life. The construction of Anhui province’s demonstration center of curriculum ideological and political construction, universities with pioneering curriculum ideological and political construction, and provincial-level demonstration courses of curriculum ideological and political construction have become a powerful guide and teaching support for moral education, and the ideological content, academic rationality and effectiveness of curriculum ideological and political construction have been continuously improved. The implementation of the "second classroom report card" system brings ideological and political literacy and social responsibility into the report card management, which reflects the vivid moral education picture of "moral education in all courses, and all teachers stress educating people", thus improving the attractiveness, persuasiveness and appeal of teaching.

Enlighten people with wisdom, be knowledgeable and carry out their mission.

If you don’t learn, you can’t be versatile, and if you don’t want to learn, you can’t succeed. "We should work hard to increase our knowledge and knowledge", which is the growth requirement put forward by the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader to the student group, the growth path given by the General Secretary, and the "indicator light" and the "road map" drawn by the General Secretary for educators. The school enlightens people with wisdom, always insists on education, guides students to return to hard work, systematically carries out the work of abolishing and reforming the teaching management system, focuses on all aspects of talent training, and revises and issues 38 teaching quality standards covering specialty construction, curriculum construction, practical teaching, educational practice, graduation requirements assessment of normal universities, and quality evaluation of talent training. Pay close attention to the construction of study style, implement the system of classroom teaching supervision and inspection, real-time network monitoring and weekly report of teaching status, and monitor and evaluate the teaching operation, plan implementation, graduation thesis (design), course examination, experimental training and other links through special and "three-phase" teaching inspection. Reasonably "increase the burden", strengthen the process assessment, increase the difficulty of the course, expand the depth of the course, enhance the academic challenge, and change the "water lesson" with outdated and easy content into a deep, difficult and challenging "gold lesson" to stimulate students’ motivation to study hard. Insist on promoting teaching by competition, promoting learning by competition, and paying attention to both competition and study. Students won the gold medal in the China College Students’ Engineering Practice and Innovation Ability Competition, won the silver medal in the National Finals of the China International "internet plus" College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition, and constantly broke through in the national and provincial normal students’ skill competitions and won several first prizes.

Building a dream and laying a foundation by strengthening people’s youth with physical fitness

To civilize its spirit, we must first savage its body. The school sets up the concept of "health first", which helps students enjoy fun, strengthen their physique, improve their personality and temper their will in physical exercise. In public physical education class, the teaching reform of "compulsory+elective+club" is integrated inside and outside the class. In the first semester, compulsory courses aimed at improving physical fitness are offered. From the second semester, students can choose their favorite sports such as ball games, traditional national sports, physical fitness and physical health care, and implement the club system in the third and fourth grades. According to the test data of students, clubs such as weight loss classes and quality classes are offered. With the aim of "everything is for the health of teachers and students", we actively carry out various mass and interesting campus sports activities, spread the concept of "everyone participates and everyone benefits" to the hearts of teachers and students, and formed a campus sports culture brand with competition activities as the carrier and sports meeting and sports culture month as the climax. Measures for the management of sports team training, competition, campus morning running and extracurricular exercise have been formulated, and sports facilities such as track and field, basketball court and tennis court in the East Campus and beach volleyball court in Quanshan Campus have been newly built, which has a strong guarantee for sports work. Students have won gold and silver in the National College Boxing Championship, Anhui College Track and Field Competition, Anhui College Dragon Boat Open and other events, and achieved great success again and again. The campus song "Snowflake’s Dream" originally created by teachers and students was broadcast in the New Year’s Song Festival with the theme of "Winter Olympics Together with the Future" hosted by China Education TV Station, which was full of youthful texture and high-spirited music melody.Let the passion of winter Olympics, the dream of youth and the bloody struggle penetrate into the hearts of every student.

Run people with beauty, Chunhua Qiushi Man Tingfang.

Breeze and drizzle moisten the heart, and listen to the flowers bloom and spring fill the garden. Focusing on three key areas: universal art education, professional art education and art teacher education, the school has built a multi-level and multi-angle aesthetic education system, including course teaching, art practice, campus cultural activities and art exhibitions, constantly strengthening and improving aesthetic education and teaching, leading students to establish correct aesthetic concepts, cultivate noble moral sentiments and shape a beautiful soul. In the elective course of general education, the module courses of aesthetic education covering music, art, dance, drama, opera, photography, film and television, calligraphy and other art categories are set up to popularize the basic knowledge of aesthetic education. Introduce the advantageous resources of local folk arts in Huainan, and offer aesthetic education courses with local characteristics such as flower drum lanterns, drama promotion and children’s dance. Build a series of forums of the school’s characteristic aesthetic education brand "Shungeng Youth Forum: Art and Life" and incorporate them into the aesthetic education curriculum system. Try out the "art club", incorporate the students’ "art club" training practice course into the public art curriculum system, and implement the credit system management. We will build a training center for women’s education and a "ladies’ school", and train girls in skills such as self-cultivation and family life, so as to enhance students’ awareness of self-cultivation and their ability to fulfill family responsibilities and guide them to feel the beauty of life. Students are guided to experience the beauty of society and labor by carrying out activities such as on-the-job teaching, public service and work-study program. Take elegant art into campus, college students’ art exhibition, students’ club culture and art festival, college students’ advertising art festival and other diversified art activities as carriers to expand the time and space of aesthetic education and enrich the forms of aesthetic education.Strengthening the practice of aesthetic education provides a broad stage for students to show their talents and realize themselves.

Holding up the Chinese dream with hard work and hard work

Labor is the most glorious, the noblest, the greatest and the most beautiful, and labor makes new youth. The school integrates labor education into the whole process of talent training, and offers labor education courses in elective and compulsory courses of general education to popularize labor science knowledge such as labor relations, security, safety and health. Offering labor courses based on the characteristics of disciplines and specialties, such as the courses of humanities and social sciences to carry out voluntary service and other labor practice activities, and the courses of science and engineering to carry out innovative labor practice in combination with disciplines and skill competitions. Carry out physical labor-based labor education practice activities on campus, such as dormitory, canteen, classroom and campus health maintenance, work-study program, public service, etc. Carry out labor education activities, such as learning Lei Feng Memorial Day and May Day Labor Day, and organize relevant community activities. Encourage students to participate in real social labor opportunities. For example, during the special "labor class" during the epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19, school students actively participated in community epidemic prevention or participated in "spring ploughing" in the fields. Relying on the campus laboratory, student activity center, engineering training center and other labor education practice fields, we will carry out several characteristic labor education projects, such as laboratory open day, internet plus classic reading guide, and cultivating education supervision posts. Serving the revitalization of rural basic education, teaching in post practice, sending the law to the field by "Popularizing Law and Light Cavalry", "painting culture on the wall, shaping civilization in the heart, painting beautiful countryside" ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..Let students realize the combination of simple labor and complex labor, material labor and spiritual labor, individual labor and collective labor, prescribed labor and voluntary service, work-study program and public welfare activities, etc., which sharpens students’ will to struggle and improves their physical and mental quality.

The simultaneous development of five educations is not only a concept, a concept, a system and a set of policies, but also represents an era and is the most basic initial intention of returning to education. The school will continue to explore the internal relationship between the five educations, build a system of integration of the five educations, and promote the cultivation of morality, intellectual attainment, physical fitness, aesthetic refinement and labor refinement, which not only do their own duties and do their best, but also resonate in the same direction, so as to cultivate a society with high moral character, solid knowledge, strong body, beautiful mind and respect for labor. (Guo Lei Shawich Special correspondent: Tu Xinyu)

　　CCTV News:On August 17, 2022, Shen Zhanli, spokesperson of the Emergency Management Department and director of the Press and Publicity Department, introduced at the press conference that in July, floods and hailstorms were the main natural disasters in China, and droughts, typhoons, earthquakes, geological disasters and forest fires also occurred to varying degrees. A total of 16.92 million people were affected by various natural disasters, 90 people died and disappeared due to disasters, and the direct economic loss was 28.59 billion yuan.

　　In July, the national natural disasters mainly showed the following characteristics: First, floods occurred in the north and south, local losses in Liaoning and Sichuan were heavy, floods in major rivers were generally stable, and local flash floods caused casualties. Second, there have been 10 strong convective weather processes in China, which are more than the same period of normal years. Wind power disasters are widespread and lightning strikes are more prominent. Third, the number of landing typhoons is small. Typhoon Siam is the first typhoon to land in China this year, with a wide range of influence, long duration and large accumulated rainfall. Fourth, the number of high-temperature days is more than normal, and early love occurs in Sichuan, Chongqing and Yunnan. Fifth, there were two earthquakes with magnitude above 5.0 in mainland China, and no casualties were caused.

　　In July, the national production safety situation was relatively stable, with 1912 production safety accidents and 1609 deaths. The number of accidents, major accidents, major accidents and deaths all decreased year-on-year. However, from the typical accidents, some hidden dangers are still outstanding: First, the major hidden dangers in the mining field are not well managed, and the problem of illegal mining is outstanding. On July 23, a major accident of slope collapse occurred in Gansu Baiyin Hongsheng Coal Industry Co., Ltd., causing 10 deaths, and major accidents of illegal mining in metal and non-metal mines occurred in some places, causing casualties. Second, road transport accidents are frequent, of which 7 become major freight accidents; In addition, the summer travel and play have increased, and the risk of tourist passenger transport has been concentrated. Third, frequent gas leakage and explosion accidents, illegal construction in some places leads to gas leakage, and improper maintenance and use of gas equipment in production and business premises and residential areas are prominent. Fourth, disasters and accidents caused by extreme weather are frequent, especially the safety measures in tourist attractions are not in place, which leads to tourists’ distress, and water transportation and adventure navigation operations cause casualties.

　　Covering 11 provinces and cities along the Yangtze River and spanning three major plates, the Yangtze River Economic Belt not only has outstanding ecological status, but also has great development potential.

　　In the past five years, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee, the provinces and cities along the Yangtze River have made historic achievements in "jointly protecting and not developing" and promoting the overall green transformation of economic and social development. The economic development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is generally stable and the structure is optimized.

　　Break the dilemma

　　Chemical industry is no longer "encircling the river"

　　The total length of the Yangtze River in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province is only 25.8 kilometers, but there are 84 chemical production enterprises, which are very dense.

　　In the Binjiang Chemical Industry Park in Xinbei District, Changzhou City, Gao Xiaoping, a villager from Xinhua Village, said that enterprises have invested and made local residents rich; "Chemical encircling the river" has made residents suffer from environmental pollution.

　　"Crack ‘ Chemical wai Jiang ’ We are duty-bound. " Xu Yawei, secretary of the Party Working Committee of Changzhou Binjiang Economic Development Zone, said that the number of chemical enterprises in the development zone has decreased from 84 in 2019 to 41 by the end of 2020. "Shut down and turn around, the first thing to change is the development concept."

　　Such measures in Changzhou are not uncommon in provinces and cities along the Yangtze River. In the past, petrochemical, steel, smelting and other industries gathered on both sides of the Yangtze River, with a large pollutant emission base, and wastewater, chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions accounted for 43%, 37% and 43% of the country respectively. To give priority to ecology and green development, we must solve the dilemma of "chemical industry encircling the river".

　　Upstream, the original chemical factory building in Linxiang Industrial Park, Linxiang City, Hunan Province is being transformed into a logistics base. Since 2018, Linxiang Industrial Park has stopped all newly started chemical projects within 1 km of the Yangtze River coastline. By the end of December 2020, nine chemical enterprises had taken the lead in withdrawing according to the plan. In Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, 37 small chemical enterprises within 1 km along the Yangtze River, Poyang Lake and Xiuhe River have all closed down at the end of 2019. The chemical industry once contributed nearly one-third of the industrial output value of Yichang City, Hubei Province. In 2017, Yichang formulated a three-year action plan for 134 chemical enterprises along the Yangtze River, and proposed measures such as shutting down a batch, transforming a batch on the spot, relocating a batch to the park, and changing production to a batch. This work is now nearing completion. Hubei Province proposes to complete the customs clearance and relocation of chemical enterprises within 1 km along the Yangtze River by December 31, 2020, and promote the customs clearance and relocation of chemical enterprises within 1-15 km along the Yangtze River by the end of 2022, so as to solve the outstanding problem of "chemical encircling the river" within three years.

　　The banks of the Yangtze River, where machines roared and pipelines formed a network, are now gradually returning to peace. At the same time, new industries are rising and new kinetic energy is surging, and the provinces and cities along the Yangtze River are competing to embark on the road of green development.

　　Lixin ye

　　Seek high-quality development

　　On November 23, 2020, after 10 hours of intense debugging, the 0.18 mm ultra-thin electronic glass production line of Yichang CSG Optoelectronic Glass Co., Ltd. successfully reached the standard for mass production. Guangzhou Automobile Passenger Car Yichang Branch has become a benchmark factory for energy-saving and environment-friendly intelligent manufacturing, which can produce a car every 52 seconds … …

　　After the chemical industry was changed and moved, these alternative industries quickly made up the position. At present, the output value of new materials, biomedicine, electronic information and advanced equipment manufacturing accounts for 41.9% of Yichang’s total industrial output value. According to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, from January to September 2020, the proportion of days with excellent air quality in Yichang was 88.3%, up 21.3% from the same period in 2019.

　　Tongling City, Anhui Province, named after copper, is prosperous because of copper. With the development of the industry entering the bottleneck period, how to promote industrial upgrading and achieve high-quality development has become a new topic in Tongling.

　　"The industry needs to be transformed and copper foil needs to be developed, but we have no technology. What should we do?" For a while, Jia Jintao, the head of Tongguan Copper Foil Company, was puzzled by product innovation. Yuansheng Jin, head of high-tech department of Tongling Science and Technology Bureau, found that many copper enterprises are facing the same problem of scientific and technological innovation. "From the production of electrolytic copper to the research and development of copper foil and copper plate, improving the added value of products is the key."

　　Tongling Science and Technology Bureau included Tongguan Copper Foil Company in the application guide of key scientific and technological projects, and borrowed money from universities and research institutes. Jia Jintao said, "With the help of experts and professors, the company’s electronic copper foil stress research project has been carried out smoothly, and I am full of confidence in the next development!"

　　At present, Tongling is actively introducing deep processing projects of copper-based new materials, gradually getting rid of the primary processing stage of raw materials, and forming many industrial chains such as "plate, belt, tube, rod, wire, foil and powder". Recently, Tongling has issued a plan to promote the deep integration of copper-based new materials industry with new energy vehicles, electronic information and high-end equipment industries, and increase the added value of products.

　　Changzhou Binjiang Chemical Industry Park shut down the chemical plants within 1 km along the Yangtze River and withdrew the coastline of the Yangtze River, which gave two enterprises of Wuxi Xingda Group a "new life" in the park. Xingda Group is determined to shut down two old factories and invest 3 billion yuan to rebuild new projects in different places in the park. According to the relevant person in charge, the new plant has opened up the upstream and downstream industrial chains, which not only reduces the cost and safety risks, but also reduces the discharge of wastewater and waste gas through new processes. According to estimates, after the completion of the new project, the annual sales of the enterprise will reach 6.5 billion yuan, the annual tax payment will be about 230 million yuan, the average tax revenue per mu will exceed 1 million yuan, and the wastewater emission reduction will exceed 20%.

　　Jiujiang city put an end to "polluted" GDP and fiscal revenue. In recent years, Jiujiang has rejected more than 400 investment projects that have a negative impact on the ecological environment, leaving the development space along the Yangtze River to emerging industries led by port economy and digital economy. On the south bank of the Yangtze River and the west bank of Poyang Lake, a Poyang Lake Ecological Science and Technology City with a planned area of 158.53 square kilometers is emerging, and leading enterprises have settled in. "It turned out that attracting investment from all over the world was only an economic account. Now it is a political account, an ecological account, a social account and a long-term account." Wu Bin, director of the Office of the Leading Group for Open Development along the Yangtze River in Jiujiang, said.

　　Promote synergy

　　Dancing upstream and downstream

　　Every day, Chongqing Minsheng Shipping Company has cargo ships departing from Chongqing Orchard Port, descending along the river, transshipping at Jiangsu Taicang Port and then heading for Shanghai Yangshan Port.

　　At the beginning of 2020, Chongqing Orchard Port, Taicang Port and Shanghai Port opened the "Shanghai-Chongqing Direct Express Line". "On average, it runs every day. Compared with ordinary liners, the overall logistics timeliness has increased by more than 30%." Niu Xiandan, general manager of Chongqing Orchard Port International Logistics Hub Construction and Development Co., Ltd. said that in the future, the mechanism will be innovated to reduce the waiting time for ships to wait for the gate and change ships, and the voyage will be compressed for another two to three days.

　　In Taicang Port and Yangshan Port downstream, the new customs clearance mode has also reduced the transportation time by at least two days. On November 4, 2020, 23.47 tons of red oak board arrived in Taicang Port from Yangshan Port, which is the first time that Yangshan — The first order after the formal operation of Taicang Port’s "linkage loading and unloading" supervision mode marks the comprehensive landing of customs clearance integration between Shanghai and Taiwan.

　　"Taicang Port is an extension of Yangshan Port. After the imported goods are released in Yangshan Port, they can be directly transported to Taicang Port by special barges. The export goods arrive at the wharf of Taicang Port. After the customs declaration is released, they can leave the country directly from Yangshan Port. " Vivi, Deputy Chief of Logistics Management Section of Taicang Customs, said that this mode has solved the problems of customs declaration and second arrival, which can greatly save the logistics cost and customs clearance time of enterprises.

　　The Yangtze River, a water transport artery that runs through the east and west, is a rare golden waterway in the world, and its freight volume ranks first among inland rivers in the world. In the past five years, the provinces and cities along the Yangtze River have made great efforts to promote coordinated development and add color to this golden waterway.

　　Sichuan and Chongqing have innovated the inter-provincial consultation and cooperation mechanism, established the three-level operation mechanism of Sichuan-Chongqing cooperation to promote the construction of the twin-city economic circle in Chengdu-Chongqing area, including the joint meeting of the party and government, the coordination meeting of executive vice-provincial mayors and the joint office, and promoted 31 major projects jointly implemented by Sichuan and Chongqing, with a total investment of about 556.3 billion yuan.

　　Such a mechanism is being promoted in the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The National Development and Reform Commission, together with 11 provinces and cities along the Yangtze River, established the "1+3" inter-provincial consultation and cooperation mechanism in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and achieved a number of achievements in joint prevention and control of ecological environment, interconnection of infrastructure, and joint construction and sharing of public services. Three provinces and one city in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River took the lead in establishing a cooperation and coordination mechanism of "three-level operation, unification and separation, pragmatism and high efficiency"; Four provinces and cities of Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River signed an agreement to establish an inter-provincial consultation and cooperation mechanism in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River; Jiangxi, Hubei and Hunan provinces in the middle reaches signed an agreement to establish an inter-provincial consultation and cooperation mechanism in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River … …

　　The institutional mechanism has been broken, and the multi-level consultation and cooperation mechanism framework has taken shape. The upstream and downstream of the Yangtze River Economic Belt are working together to develop a new chapter.

　　(Reporter Wang Weijian, Jiang Yunlong, Song Haoxin, Fan Haotian, Shen Zhilin, You Yi, Ju Yunpeng, Wang Dan)

　　　　　　 Cctv newsAffected by continuous heavy rainfall, wind and hail and heavy rain occurred in Jinchuan County, Lixian County and Marcand City in Aba, Sichuan Province, and floods and mudslides occurred in many places, and many national highways were once interrupted.

　　　　　　 The reporter learned from the Emergency Office of Jinchuan County that as of June 14th, geological disasters caused by heavy rain have caused the interruption of G248 line and Jinxiao Road in Jinchuan, and farmland, water conservancy and houses in various towns and villages have been affected to varying degrees. After the disaster occurred, Jinchuan County urgently organized emergency personnel from water affairs, emergency, highway, electric power and other departments to rush to the scene, fully devoted themselves to emergency rescue and disaster relief and mass appeasement, and safely transferred 863 people. According to statistics, up to now, 1,186 households with 4,744 people have been affected to varying degrees, and the economic losses are being counted. In addition, the torrential rain also triggered mountain torrents and mudslides, which led to subgrade collapse in Dengjiaqiao section of Malcom City, National Highway 248 in Aba Prefecture, and the section of Jianbi Village in miyaluo, Lixian County, National Highway 317 was once interrupted. After urgent repairs, two sections have resumed traffic.

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s entry into a new era means the continuous development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s roads, theories, systems and culture, which has expanded the way for developing countries to move towards modernization, provided new choices for countries and nations in the world who want to speed up their development and maintain their independence, and contributed China wisdom and China’s plan to solving human problems. It can be said that the success of China Road is changing the inherent view of the world on the road of human social development, especially the road of modernization, and more and more showing its world significance. For China scholars, it is not only a very important political task, but also a very serious academic research.

　　Clarifying the road of China is of great significance to the development of China and the world.

　　Today, China is increasingly connected with the world. Explaining the road of China to the world is of great significance to the development of China and the world today.

　　The objective need for China to approach the center of the world stage and play a greater role. After 40 years of hard struggle and exploration of reform and opening up, China has created an earth-shattering miracle in the history of human social development. The level of social productivity has improved significantly, the people’s living standards have improved significantly, and its international influence and voice have improved significantly. Especially since the international financial crisis broke out in 2008 and China surpassed Japan to become the second largest economy in the world in 2010, China’s international status has become increasingly prominent, and it has approached the center of the world stage with a more steady and confident pace. In today’s world, China plays an irreplaceable and constructive role in promoting economic globalization, handling major international affairs and building a more just and reasonable international order. It is hard to imagine what the world would be like without China. Therefore, China needs to convey more China voices to the world, better display China’s national image, and let the world know more about China, accept China and recognize China.

　　To provide the world with the wisdom of China and the practical needs of China’s plan. As Comrade Supreme Leader said, "The world is so big and there are so many problems, and the international community is looking forward to hearing China’s voice and seeing China’s plan". At present, the economic recovery of major developed countries is slow, and economic and social development encounters various difficulties, which makes it more urgent for mankind to explore a better social system. The vast number of developing countries not only have similar historical circumstances to China, but also face unavoidable and unavoidable problems of governing the country, such as how to develop the economy, improve people’s livelihood and maintain stability. In contrast, the development of China has accumulated many successful experiences that are effective and worthy of long-term persistence, and won universal praise in the world. The successful practice and valuable experience of China Road show China’s wisdom, provide valuable reference experience for global governance, and set a very rare and good model for the world, especially the developing countries, to explore the development path in line with their own national conditions. As China approaches the center of the world stage, it is in such a big trend that leads the world. China scholars should enhance their confidence and ability to explain the road of China to the whole world.

　　It is necessary to clarify the prejudice and misunderstanding of China in western society. How to solve the difficult problem of realizing modernization in a populous, poor and backward country? There is no precedent in the world. China not only solved this problem, but also did it well. Today, China has made great achievements that attract worldwide attention in its modernization drive and made important contributions to world development. However, due to ideological prejudice, even for ulterior political purposes, some western forces are used to looking at China’s road and China’s development through "colored glasses", and "China’s collapse theory" and "China threat theory" are endless, and the phenomena of questioning, accusing and even attacking China are one after another. China scholars can’t turn a blind eye to this, let alone let it go. China scholars can make great achievements in clarifying prejudice and misreading. We should interpret the code of China’s development and the value of China Road through academic communication and dialogue, so as to avoid the misunderstanding, misreading and misunderstanding of China in western society to the greatest extent.

　　To clarify the road of China, we must grasp several aspects

　　To explain the road of China to the world, we must solve the problem of what to say. From the actual situation, we need to grasp the following aspects.

　　China Road is a hard-won road. The road of China did not fall from the sky, but the correct road suitable for the national conditions of China was found by the Communist Party of China (CPC) who led the people of China to go through all kinds of hardships and pay all kinds of costs. This road was formed through continuous practical innovation and theoretical exploration led by generations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people. It is full of suffering and glory, twists and turns and victories, dedication and gains. It is the correct road that has been tested by practice and is hard-won and precious. China Road with a strong sense of history is both a historical necessity and a choice of the people. The people of China must cherish it and never make subversive mistakes.

　　China Road is a road with unique advantages. China Road has unparalleled unique advantages. For example, from the economic system, the socialist market economic system gives full play to the role of the market and the government, which not only ensures economic vitality, but also ensures macroeconomic stability, and is an advanced economic system. From the political system, China’s political party system is advanced and successful. The multi-party cooperative political party system led by the Communist Party of China (CPC) can carry forward democracy and brainstorm ideas, and at the same time can avoid the problems of continuous party struggle and low efficiency caused by the western two-party system and multi-party system. From the perspective of cultural system, Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cultural construction not only ensures the guiding position of Marxism, but also stimulates the cultural innovation and creativity of the whole nation and promotes the prosperity of socialist culture. China Road follows the basic law of the development of human society, conforms to the trend of peace, development, cooperation and win-win, and can properly handle the major relations in economic and social development, so it has unlimited bright prospects and will surely become wider and wider.

　　China Road is a road that benefits the people. China’s road has rich connotations, colorful theoretical elements and profound China wisdom. China Road is committed to meeting people’s growing needs for a better life, enhancing people’s well-being, promoting people’s all-round development, and gradually achieving common prosperity for all people. China Road insists on rallying people’s strength, respecting people, relying on people, for people, and realizing people’s fundamental interests as the starting point and the end result. Judging from the historical process since the reform and opening up, it is precisely because our party conforms to the people’s yearning for a better life and upholds the people-centered development thought that it can fully mobilize the people’s enthusiasm, initiative and creativity to participate in socialist modernization and enable the people to enjoy more and fairer development results. As far as poverty alleviation is concerned, over the past five years, China has steadily lifted more than 68 million poor people out of poverty, and the incidence of poverty has dropped from 10.2% to 3.1%. The reason why China Road shows more and more energy lies in the active recognition, heartfelt support and full participation of the people.

　　China Road is a way to contribute to the world. In recent years, with the deepening of reform and opening up, China’s national strength has been continuously enhanced, its influence has been continuously enhanced, and its contribution to the world has been increasing day by day. "What can China Road contribute to the world" has become the "question of the times" that must be answered today. Generally speaking, China Road has made at least five historic contributions to the world: survival contribution, development contribution, institutional contribution, cultural contribution and peaceful contribution. China advocates diversity in the world, equality among countries, mutual learning among civilizations, inclusive development and mutual benefit, and promotes the building of a community of human destiny. In recent years, China’s foreign trade, foreign investment and foreign exchange reserves rank among the top in the world, contributing more than 30% to world economic growth. This is a powerful proof of China’s contribution to the world. China solved the difficult problem of modernization with Marxist wisdom and oriental wisdom, and changed the modernization mode from single choice to multiple choice, which promoted the diversity of human civilization development.

　　Enhance academic self-confidence and impress people with academic theory

　　China scholars can explain the road of China to the world clearly, instead of shouting slogans, talking to themselves and imposing on others, they must strengthen academic expression, dissemination, communication and dialogue, explain facts with academics and impress people with academic theories.

　　Enhance academic self-confidence. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China that after long-term efforts, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, which is a new historical orientation for China’s development. China scholars should firmly grasp the fundamental change of Socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era, build a solid ideological foundation, enhance road confidence, theoretical self-confidence, institutional self-confidence and cultural self-confidence, tell the story of China well from the historical position of the new era, and systematically explain the road of China from the height of the whole world. Where does confidence and confidence come from? The great achievements from Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s practice come from the unique advantages of looking at the world scenery. China scholars should construct China’s own academic system and discourse system, explain China’s experience and contribute China’s wisdom to the international community, and fully reflect China scholars’ academic responsibility and academic attainments. We should use China’s academic thought to tell the story of China, spread the voice of China and contribute China’s academic gift to the world.

　　Learn from academic achievements. China’s development achievements have attracted the continuous attention of the world, especially the attention of international academic circles. Overseas, there has been an upsurge of research on China, and many well-known institutions and scholars have achieved considerable positive results. China scholars should persist in not forgetting the original, absorbing foreign countries and facing the future, and deepen the study of China Road and contemporary China issues. We should not only base ourselves on the reality of our country, but also open the door to engage in research; We should not only pay attention to originality, focus on me, but also be eclectic and use it for us, actively learn from and absorb the research results of overseas scholars. For example, in recent years, the latest research results of overseas scholars on China model, China experience, China’s economic development, China’s democratic political construction and the construction of the ruling party have certain enlightenment and reference significance in terms of perspectives, methods and opinions, which can be a reference for us to strengthen academic research. China scholars should enhance their awareness of openness and international communication, insist on focusing on themselves and learn from them extensively, so as to make China’s academic discourse, academic system and academic achievements more contemporary and international, and more easily accepted by international academic circles and the international community.

　　Strengthen academic exchanges. With the development of China, the discourse power of China scholars is changing profoundly from being unqualified, soliloquizing and unable to say aphasia to being partially led. This transformation process is actually a process in which China’s academics are led by theory defense and theory explanation. To achieve theoretical guidance, express China’s words to the world, interpret China’s plan and explain China’s road clearly, we need to "go out" and "please come in", and attach great importance to academic exchanges and mutual learning. It is necessary to build an academic exchange platform, actively participate in international bilateral and multilateral academic activities, make full use of international forums, forums and conferences at all levels, establish a long-term and stable high-end academic dialogue mechanism, and improve the quality of academic exchanges; Broaden the field of academic exchanges, fully express China’s values, and advocate and enhance the community consensus on human destiny; Strengthen exchanges between think tanks at home and abroad, guide influential and convincing academic achievements to go abroad, promote overseas China studies, and let the world know China and China better.

　　Accelerate academic innovation. Time is the mother of thought and practice is the source of theory. The vitality of theory lies in innovation. China scholars should uphold the scientific attitude and method of doing scholarly research, earnestly enhance their sense of innovation, fully embody China’s characteristics, China’s style and China’s style in academic propositions, academic ideas, academic viewpoints and academic discourses, constantly summarize and refine new concepts, new categories, new systems and new expressions, effectively enhance the innovation and affinity of academic achievements, and demonstrate the responsibility of China scholars in accurately explaining China’s road. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out: "We should focus on the major issues facing the development of China and the world, and strive to put forward ideas, propositions and plans that can reflect China’s position, China’s wisdom and China’s values." China scholars should strengthen academic accumulation, lay a solid academic foundation, cultivate academic ethics, broaden their academic horizons, pay attention to the integration of history and reality, theory and practice, and improve the explanatory power of academic achievements. Give full play to professional characteristics and academic expertise, further refine and optimize the discourse of external publicity, jump out of the pattern of interpreting the reality of China with western discourse, and strive to make more high-quality academic achievements that people who care about the road of China and the development of China love to read.

　　(Author: Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center of the New Era, the Supreme Leader of the Central Party School)

　　 　For some time, the drought in many places in China has developed rapidly, superimposed with high temperature and heat damage, which has adversely affected the production and life of many people. A few days ago, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Emergency Management Department and the China Meteorological Bureau jointly issued an urgent notice, demanding that the relevant areas do their best to prevent and reduce disasters, go all out to win the battle against high temperature, heat, drought and harvest of autumn grain, and clearly put forward that we should do everything possible to broaden drought-resistant water sources, strengthen the scientific dispatching management of water sources such as rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and strive to ensure the demand for agricultural irrigation water.

　　 　"Thirst" cannot be delayed, and ensuring people’s water use is the top priority. Allowing rural residents to drink "safe water" and "safe water" for a long time is the basic premise of getting rid of poverty, an important content of realizing rural revitalization, and the proper meaning of protecting farmers’ rights and interests. In addition, as the saying goes: "Spring drought is not a drought, and autumn drought is halved." To prevent the autumn grain from decreasing production, we must do our best to fight drought and win the battle of autumn grain harvest.

　　 　Earlier, the person in charge of the relevant departments of the Ministry of Water Resources said that the drinking water safety situation of rural people in drought-stricken areas had been comprehensively explored, so as not to miss one household or one person. It is an urgent and important task to solve the drinking water difficulties of urban and rural residents and let the people drink "safe water" and "safe water".

　　 　According to the news from all sides, many places have also acted quickly. From water storage and water conservation, to water replenishment, to water supply by turns and emergency water supply in sections and districts, in order to ensure the people’s water use. In addition, from opening up new water sources, to time-sharing water supply, and then to pulling water to deliver water, relevant local departments have also introduced targeted measures according to local conditions to minimize the impact of drought.

　　 　Some implement artificial precipitation enhancement to "quench thirst" for the land; Some are "well organized" to fight drought, and "big wells, small wells, deep wells and old wells are together"; Others mobilize scientific and technical personnel to show their strength at critical moments. For example, agricultural technicians help growers to use water sources such as wells, rivers, ponds and canals to replenish water for irrigation, timely topdressing panicle fertilizer, and strengthen pest control and monitoring. Drought resistance and bumper harvest, proper measures and comprehensive efforts can achieve great results.

　　 　It should also be noted that it is difficult to achieve the expected results by individual strength alone in dealing with this drought. Farmers everywhere took action spontaneously, and their spirit was commendable. However, it is necessary to unite the group to fight drought, especially the relevant departments should organize capable personnel, mobilize the forces of all parties, and form a huge and sustained joint force to maximize the effectiveness of drought relief. In this process, we must also fight drought scientifically, spend money on the cutting edge and use our strength in critical areas.

　　 　Drought resistance is not a matter of one department, but needs multi-department linkage. The emergency notice issued by the 4 departments this time reflects this point. The water conservancy department should strengthen the scientific dispatching management of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other water sources, the emergency department should preset emergency response forces and materials and equipment for flood control and drought relief, the meteorological department should dispatch operational aircraft to the severely drought-stricken areas in time, and the agricultural and rural departments should further improve the technical guidance for fighting disasters and harvesting crops. While completing their own work, they should also hold hands with each other and strengthen linkage to better cope with this round of drought.

　　 　China is a country with frequent floods and droughts, and has accumulated rich experience in the long-term drought relief process. However, in the face of this rare serious drought, we must not be the slightest bit careless. It should be admitted that it is not easy to do a good job in drought early warning and strengthen risk management, but it does not mean that human beings can only do nothing. We should vigorously fill shortcomings, plug loopholes, and improve drought resistance, optimize drought resistance means with the greatest strength, and introduce advanced technology to effectively reduce the harm caused by drought.

　　 　Strengthening the prevention and control of natural disasters is related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, and to everyone’s life safety. Drought is the command. We should not only make strategic preparations for "fighting against severe drought and long drought", but also try our best to refresh more effective "fighting methods" in tactics, improve the drought-fighting effect and fully protect the national economy and people’s livelihood.

　　 　(Author: Wang Shichuan, a media commentator)

Editor’s lead: In cross-border e-commerce OMS system, inventory is also very important, and reasonable inventory design is helpful to ensure the normal operation of OMS outbound. So how to deal with the locking and releasing of inventory? In OMS, how should the change of online inventory be added into the scope of design consideration? Let’s take a look at the author’s summary.

OMS issue documents will have several key nodes, and the corresponding logic needs to be completed at different nodes to ensure the subsequent normal circulation of documents.

In cross-border e-commerce OMS, the key points are: logistics ordering, freezing of withholding funds, locking, release and deduction of inventory, etc. An article has been written before logistics ordering.This time, let’s talk about locking, releasing and deducting inventory..

For cross-border e-commerce overseas warehouse OMS, there are generally several scenarios for inventory locking:

1. Lock the inventory when it is created;
2. Place an order for logistics, and lock the inventory when obtaining the logistics list;
3. Lock the inventory when submitting the outbound order to WMS.

There will be different business scenarios for different customers, so the inventory locking is generally different. These three scenarios are not optional, but all three, and they should be flexibly combined.

If some customers are strict and want to occupy some inventory when creating the outbound order, they will lock the inventory after creating it.

Some customers have no special requirements for inventory locking, so the normal situation should be to lock the inventory when they get the logistics list.

There are also some customers who may upload their own logistics sheets or do not require logistics sheets, so they can set to lock the inventory when submitting the outbound order to WMS.

It is suggested that the timing of inventory locking should be made into a policy rule. Every time a different customer is introduced, the corresponding rule can be configured. If there is no configuration rule, the default node will be adopted, which can flexibly take into account the needs of different customers.

With the lock of inventory, there will naturally be the release of inventory. In fact, the locking and releasing of inventory can be divided into two groups. The first group is locking and releasing, and the second group is locking and deducting.

The inventory is locked, which means that the outbound order occupies this part of the inventory, and the system needs to mark it as locked to prevent it from being preempted by other outbound orders. So if I cancel the outbound order, I need to release the lock of this block, so the corresponding release of inventory lock actually refers to the scene where the outbound order is cancelled or intercepted.

If this outbound order is completed, the corresponding inventory needs to be deducted. At this time, the locked part will be converted into the deducted part, which is equivalent to emptying the locked quantity first, then increasing the deducted quantity (inserting the inventory flow), and finally the available inventory will remain unchanged.

Schematic diagram of inventory locking and release

Here we need to pay special attention to two issues, one is the timing of release, and the other is the quantity of release.

Regarding the timing of release, for the cancellation or interception of the outbound order, when the cancellation or interception is successful, then release it. For the normal issue of outbound order, we need to pay attention to one question:How to define outbound?

On the surface, the goods leave the warehouse, which is called outbound. However, in the actual business scenario, it may take a day or two for the goods to be picked up by the logistics provider after picking and packaging, and the outbound node will be late at this time. It may also be taken away by the logistics provider, but there is no rigorous handover action, resulting in some outbound documents not marked as outbound, so they have been in a state of waiting for outbound, and inventory cannot be deducted.

How WMS defines outbound will affect when OMS deducts inventory, so this piece needs to be combined with business to explore an optimal solution. If the "delivery" is too early, the time period for customers to intercept the delivery will be very short, and the actual goods will not go out, but they cannot intercept the delivery, which will increase losses in vain; If "outbound" is too late, it is possible that some outbound documents will be marked as overtime outbound, which will affect the rating of platform stores.

Regarding the quantity released, for overseas warehouses of cross-border e-commerce, there is basically no so-called partial outbound or multi-batch outbound, and most businesses are issued in a single order and completed at one time. So don’t expand here, just make a reminder.If the issue quantity does differ, it is necessary to ensure that the actual available inventory quantity is accurate in consideration of the locked quantity, and the difference can be adjusted by some exception handling methods.

In-transit inventory is a link that is easily overlooked by everyone. Sometimes, I even feel that this data is useless, and then I forget that there is such a thing when designing some logic.

I’ve been looking for information about in-transit inventory on the internet for a long time, and it turns out that many articles seem to be shallow or complicated, which makes it particularly uncomfortable to understand.

Here, I would like to sum up how the in-transit inventory in overseas warehouses of cross-border e-commerce is generally used within my personal knowledge. It is only my personal opinion, so please pay attention to dialectical treatment.

If you want to simply understand the in-transit inventory, it is enough to analyze it directly from the two most common ways to produce the in-transit inventory. They are:

1. Allocation is on the way;
2. Purchasing is on the way.

Transfer in transit is the in-transit inventory generated in the process of transferring from warehouse A to warehouse B. For warehouse a, the goods have left warehouse a, so the inventory of warehouse a has been deducted; For warehouse B, the goods are on the way to transport, but they have not been put into storage yet, so they cannot be counted as available inventory, but only in transit.

There are many similarities between purchase in transit and transfer in transit, both of which are sent from one place to another. It’s just that the purchase involves some settlement problems with external suppliers, so it’s a little troublesome. For the warehouse that is about to receive the purchased goods, the goods are still on the road and have not been put on the shelves, so it can’t be counted as available inventory, but only in transit.

In-transit inventory can estimate the inventory in the future for a period of time to guide the sales decision; In-transit inventory will also occupy the cost of capital, so the financial department will pay attention to and attach importance to this piece of data.

For cross-border areas, because the process of stocking goods to overseas warehouses (the first journey) takes a long time, the controllability of in-transit inventory is particularly important for sellers. In addition to counting the actual available inventory of each overseas warehouse, we also need to pay attention to this part of the inventory in the process of stocking, and make an inventory plan in time.

For OMS, the definition of in-transit inventory generally refers toAfter the receipt document is submitted to the warehouse, but before the warehouse receives the goods, the total inventory in this period of time..

If the warehouse is actually put on the shelves, the in-transit inventory will be converted into available inventory. If the actual receipt of goods in the warehouse is less than the forecast quantity, but the receipt document is forced to end, then the inventory in transit needs to be reduced accordingly. Because the receipt document has been closed, the in-transit inventory should be converted into available inventory according to the actual quantity on the shelves, and the extra part should be invalidated and released because it can no longer be put on the shelves.

Schematic diagram of inventory change in transit

For OMS, it is important to pay attention to the number of SKUs whose receipt status is submitted between shelves. This part needs to dynamically adjust the number of in-transit inventory according to the actual number of shelves fed back by the warehouse, and finally pay special attention to some nodes of differential receipt and differential shelves.

In OMS outbound, the logistics ordering and rule engine are the most complicated, and the locking and releasing of inventory is the most basic requirement, so I didn’t write anything too deep, just briefly summarized and reviewed the past project experience.

In fact, the logic of locking and releasing the inventory is the same as that of withholding fees from the issue document. After locking the inventory, the corresponding fees will be frozen, and after releasing the inventory, the frozen fees will be released or deducted accordingly. It’s just that the content involved in billing is partial and the content is miscellaneous, so I won’t talk much here.

And the inventory on the way is because there are really too few online materials, so I made a fool of myself again and output some of my own shallow views and opinions.

I hope this article can help you. See you next time!

My name is Vitamin, and WeChat WeChat official account: PM Vitamin. Former PHPer, who has worked as an online education product and a cross-border warehousing and logistics product for three and a half years, is currently a supply chain product manager in the field of foreign trade SaaS. Mainly focusing on WMS/OMS/TMS/BMS/ERP and other fields, sharing product knowledge related to supply chain.

This article was originally published by everyone as a product manager, and it is forbidden to reprint without the permission of the author.

The title map comes from Unsplash and is based on CC0 protocol.