Attention, 2023 and 2024 graduates! The application for job-seeking and entrepreneurship subsidies has begun, so hurry up to the "Zheli Office"! Let’s take a look at the specific application methods and requirements!

answer questions and remove doubts

Q: In 2023, which students can apply for job-seeking and entrepreneurship subsidies in Zhejiang Province?

A: Graduates (not limited to household registration) from full-time ordinary colleges and secondary vocational schools (including technical colleges) in Zhejiang during the graduation school year (including graduation in 2023 and 2024) meet one of the following conditions:

1. Families with minimum living security for urban and rural residents;

2. orphans;

3. Disabled persons with certificates;

4. During the study period, he has obtained a national student loan from the place of origin or campus;

5. Poverty alleviation population;

6. From poor families with disabilities (marginal families with urban and rural subsistence allowances and one of the graduates’ parents is a certified disabled person).

If the 2023 graduates have already enjoyed the job-seeking and entrepreneurship subsidies in 2022, they cannot apply again in 2023. If you study in a school outside Zhejiang Province, please consult the human resources and social security department where the school is located.

Q: When can I apply for this year’s job-seeking and entrepreneurship subsidy?

A: From August 15th to September 15th, 2023.

Q: How are the subsidy standards and deadlines for job-seeking and entrepreneurship subsidies stipulated?

A: The subsidy for job hunting and entrepreneurship is 3,000 yuan/person, which is paid in one lump sum.

Q: How to apply for graduates jointly trained by two universities?

Answer: Apply according to the school that issued the diploma.

Q: Is it necessary to achieve employment and entrepreneurship?

A: No matter whether you are employed or not, you can apply as long as you are not oriented to train graduates.

Application steps

(A) the choice of circumstances

Open the "application for job-seeking and entrepreneurship subsidies" item, carefully read the user’s instructions, and choose the situation according to the specific situation.

(2) Fill in the form online

Fill in personal information according to the form prompts.

When filling in the subsidy application information, pay attention to the field "Did you pass the information check". If this field is displayed as "Yes", you only need to upload the front and back of your ID card without providing other materials. If this field is displayed as "No", relevant materials are required (see "Required Materials" below for details). Pay attention to check the information of the collection account, and the subsidy will be paid by social security card by default.

(3) Submit an application

After the uploaded materials and information are confirmed, click the "Submit" button to successfully submit.

Tips: If the applicant encounters problems in the application process, he can click "Please click here for feedback" to give feedback (including text description and screenshot) and leave his contact information. The staff will contact the reply as soon as possible.

Required materials

If "No" is displayed in the "Information Check" when filling in the form online, the following two types of materials must be submitted at the same time (the materials must be within the validity period):

1. Original ID card of the applicant (photo taken on both sides);

2. The applicant’s identification materials:

(1) from the minimum living guarantee families of urban and rural residents, it is necessary to provide:

(1) low assurance or low-income certificate issued by the competent department at or above the township (street) level;

(2) the household registration book or the family member relationship certificate issued by the village (community) and above authorities (provided when there is no applicant information on the low guarantee or low guarantee certificate).

(2) orphans, need to provide:

Child welfare certificate or orphan certificate issued by the township (street) level and above.

(3) Disabled persons with certificates shall provide:

"Disabled card" or "disabled soldiers card" of grade 1-8 or the disability certificate issued by the Disabled Persons’ Federation at or above the township (street) level.

(4) If you have obtained a national student loan from your place of origin or campus during your studies, you need to provide:

(1) national student loan in the place of origin.

The national student loan contract or the personal credit report issued by the credit center indicating the student loan; Household registration book or family member relationship certificate issued by the village (community) and above competent authorities (provided when the lender is the applicant’s parent).

(2) the national student loan on campus.

The national student loan contract or the personal credit report issued by the credit information center indicating the student loan (the list of national student loans provided by the school is not required).

(5) Poverty-stricken population (originally from poverty-stricken families with established files):

There is no need to provide written materials, and it is verified by data sharing between departments and the national poverty alleviation system.

(6) From poor disabled families (marginal families in urban and rural areas and one of the parents of graduates is a certified disabled person), it is necessary to provide:

(1) the "low-income marginal family certificate" or the low-income marginal certificate issued by the township (street) level and the competent department;

(2) a disabled person’s card (card) issued by one of the parents or a 1-8 grade disabled soldiers card or a disability certificate issued by a township (street) level or above disabled persons’ federation;

(3) the household registration book or the family member relationship certificate issued by the village (community) and above authorities (the minimum living allowance certificate or the minimum living allowance certificate must be provided when there is no applicant information).

Handling path

ZhelibanApplication for job-seeking and entrepreneurship subsidiesapplet; mini programs

Tips

In addition, through"Zheli Office" APP,"Zheli Office" Alipay applet orZhejiang government service networkSearch for "application for job-seeking and entrepreneurship subsidies",It can also be handled.

With the consent of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the 2020 National College Entrance Examination (hereinafter referred to as the "College Entrance Examination") will be postponed for one month, and the examination time will be from July 7th to 8th.

The specific subject examination schedule is: July 7, Chinese from 9:00 to 11: 30; Math is from 15:00 to 17:00. On July 8, liberal arts comprehensive/science comprehensive from 9:00 to 11: 30; Foreign languages from 15:00 to 17:00.

Hubei Province and Beijing Municipality may, according to the situation of epidemic prevention and control, study and put forward opinions on the time arrangement of college entrance examination in their own regions, and release them to the public in time after the approval of the Ministry of Education.

Ministry of Education

March 31, 2020

Flexible sensor material sample diagram

　　A flexible sensor with a thickness of 200 microns (one tenth of the normal blood vessel thickness) is made of a special force-electricity conversion biomaterial and wrapped around a blood vessel or a heart, so that the subtle changes of the whole body blood pressure of the cardiovascular system in the early, middle and late stages of thrombosis can be clearly recorded on peripheral devices such as mobile phones, and at the same time, the slight differences of the cardiovascular wall pressure caused by the alienation of tissues and cells at the initial stage of the disease can be reflected more accurately and in real time.

　　The reporter of Science and Technology Daily recently learned from Nanjing University of Science and Technology that Professor Feng Zhangqi’s research group has created a new method for advanced prediction and real-time follow-up of cardiovascular diseases by monitoring the changes of micro-stress outside the cardiovascular wall. At present, the research group has made phased technological breakthroughs and completed the evaluation of animal clinical medicine. Related research was recently published in American Chemical Society-Nanomaterials and Devices, a top international journal in the field of nanotechnology and nanodevices.

　　New Nano-materials for Efficient Biomechanical-Electrical Conversion

　　Cardiovascular disease is the "number one killer" threatening human health, and whether the blood vessels are unobstructed is related to the normal operation of the whole cardiovascular system. Thrombosis is a small piece formed by blood flow on the surface of the inner surface of a blood vessel where it is peeled off or repaired. In the variable fluid-dependent type, thrombus consists of insoluble fibrin, deposited platelets, accumulated white blood cells and trapped red blood cells.

　　Experts say that "advanced prediction" and "real-time follow-up after operation" of cardiovascular diseases are the key points for effective clinical diagnosis of such diseases, especially for patients with severe cardiovascular diseases such as vascular tumor resection, intracardiac stent, valve, vascular replacement and intravascular stent. However, the existing molecular screening and imaging techniques lack accurate specific recognition function, which makes the advanced prediction and real-time tracking of cardiovascular diseases become a worldwide technical problem in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

　　Feng Zhangqi’s research group has long been committed to the development of bioelectronic materials and nano-devices, trying to build a new method for advanced prediction and real-time tracking of cardiovascular diseases by monitoring the changes of micro-stress outside the cardiovascular wall.

　　According to Dr. Li Tong, the first author of the paper, this time they pioneered a flexible nanofiber material with high-efficiency biomechanical-electrical conversion performance. Its thickness is only 200 microns, and it can accurately sense the pressure change and then show it in the form of voltage.

　　The material is rich in electromechanical conversion dipoles, which can generate a voltage of 1154 volts per cubic centimeter under the action of only 1000 Pascal, and has excellent stability, sensitivity and biocompatibility.

　　After being implanted in the body, the cardiovascular system can be monitored in real time through the mobile phone.

　　Based on this, the research group designed and manufactured a flexible implantable pressure sensor. They implanted the sensor into the peripheral blood vessels and heart parts of experimental animals (adult pigs), which not only clearly recorded the subtle changes of systemic blood pressure in the cardiovascular system at the early, middle and late stages of thrombosis, but also output a more accurate pressure signal, reflecting the slight difference of cardiovascular wall pressure caused by tissue and cell alienation at the initial stage of the disease in real time.

　　"Normal people’s blood pressure is beating with frequency, but when some tissues or cells are alienated in blood vessels, a fluctuating signal will be generated on the detector, no matter whether it is getting bigger or smaller, it is disordered. Once we detect this disordered signal and it doesn’t match the signal stored internally, we will issue some warnings, indicating that blood vessels may have problems." Feng Zhangqi said.

　　In the future, the flexible sensor can be implanted in the body together with cardiovascular surgery. Through the introduction of wireless signal transmitter, medical staff can track and diagnose the pathological changes of patients’ cardiovascular system in real time at clients such as mobile phones.

　　Feng Zhangqi explained: "We can convert it into an electrical signal that can be output by remote sensing. In the future technology, we can transform it into a signal received by a mobile phone. After receiving the signal, the mobile phone can share this signal with the hospital, so that it can be monitored remotely in real time."

　　At the same time, the successful development of this ultra-sensitive flexible implantable pressure sensor also provides a new method for accurate detection of micro-stress in vivo, which has great technical promotion for clinical real-time and accurate measurement of craniocerebral pressure, renal pressure and intraocular pressure.

　　Reporter Zhang Wei correspondent Nan Li

On December 21st, the National Conference on Industry and Informatization was held in Beijing. The meeting adhered to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, fully implemented the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, thoroughly studied and implemented the important exposition of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary on new industrialization, conscientiously implemented the deployment requirements of the Central Economic Work Conference and the National New Industrialization Promotion Conference, summed up the work in 2023 and deployed the tasks in 2024. Jin Zhuanglong, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry, attended the meeting and delivered a speech. The leaders of the Ministry attended the meeting. The competent departments of industry and information technology in Liaoning, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hubei and Sichuan provinces and the main responsible comrades of Shanghai Communications Administration made exchange speeches.

The meeting held that promoting new industrialization is a major strategic deployment made by the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core to coordinate the overall situation of the great rejuvenation strategy of the Chinese nation and the unprecedented changes in the world in the past century. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has raised the flag and steered the ship, and made an important exposition on a series of major theoretical and practical issues in promoting new industrialization, which greatly enriched and developed our party’s regular understanding of industrialization and provided a fundamental follow-up and action guide for promoting new industrialization. To understand the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on new industrialization, we must uphold the Party’s overall leadership in promoting new industrialization, deeply understand the strategic orientation of promoting new industrialization, firmly anchor the overall goal of promoting new industrialization, accurately grasp the important principles of promoting new industrialization, fully implement the key tasks of promoting new industrialization, master the methods and paths of promoting new industrialization, adhere to the integration of learning, thinking and practice, and turn learning results into practical actions to promote new industrialization.

The meeting pointed out that 2023 is the first year to fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a year of economic recovery and development after three years of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control, and a landmark year in the history of China’s industrial development. The CPC Central Committee held a national conference to promote new industrialization, and the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made important instructions, pointing out that in the new era and new journey, it is a key task to comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese modernization and realize new industrialization. The whole system conscientiously implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, solidly carried out the education on studying and implementing the theme of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, kept upright and innovative, and worked in unity, thus successfully completing the tasks for the whole year. The industrial economy is on the rise. It is estimated that the industrial added value will increase by more than 4.3% year-on-year, and the proportion of manufacturing added value to GDP will be basically stable, and the overall scale will remain the first in the world for 14 consecutive years. The construction of major projects in the "14 th Five-Year Plan" was accelerated. The national defense science and technology industry and the tobacco industry maintained rapid growth. The pace of high-quality development of key industrial chains in manufacturing industry has accelerated. The industrial base reconstruction project and the key technical equipment research project were steadily advanced, and new breakthroughs were made in key areas such as industrial mother machine and key software. The C919 large passenger plane was put into commercial operation, and the first large domestic cruise ship "Aida Modu" was officially named and delivered. The 16 MW offshore wind turbine with the largest single unit capacity in the world was connected to the grid for power generation, the domestic ECMO completed registration and evidence collection, the intelligent 6-line cotton picker realized mass production, and Shenzhou 16 and 17 were successfully launched.The innovation system of manufacturing industry has been continuously strengthened. There are 29 national and 260 provincial manufacturing innovation centers, 178 national high-tech industrial development zones and 465,000 high-tech enterprises. Implement the "Party and State Institutional Reform Plan" and complete institutional transfer and function undertaking. The industrial structure was further optimized and upgraded. From January to November, the added value of high-tech manufacturing industry above designated size increased by 2.3% year-on-year, and the added value of equipment manufacturing industry increased by 6.4% year-on-year. The export of new energy vehicles, lithium batteries and photovoltaic products increased rapidly, and the export of new energy vehicles reached 1.091 million. The international market share of the three major indicators of shipbuilding industry continues to lead the world. Nearly 10,000 digital workshops and smart factories have been built, and 5,100 state-level green factories have been established, further improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of industrial resources. A series of industrial transfer and development docking activities have achieved results, and the construction of 45 state-level advanced manufacturing clusters has been accelerated. The pace of specialized and innovative development of small and medium-sized enterprises has accelerated. Accumulatively cultivated 12,000 "little giant" enterprises, 103,000 specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises, and selected 100 characteristic industrial clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises. The first batch of pilot projects for digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises in 30 cities were launched, and a series of service activities for small and medium-sized enterprises were carried out, serving more than 9.5 million small and medium-sized enterprises in total. The high-quality development of the information and communication industry has been solidly promoted. It is estimated that the total telecom business will increase by about 16% year-on-year, and the revenue of software and information technology services will increase by about 13% year-on-year. As of November,A total of 3.282 million 5G base stations have been built, and the number of gigabit broadband users has doubled compared with the same period last year. The 6G technical test was accelerated. The reform and innovation of information and communication supervision have been further promoted, the emergency communication capability has been significantly enhanced, the network and data security have been strengthened, and the level of development and utilization of radio spectrum resources and the ability of electromagnetic space security have been further improved. Successfully completed major events such as communication services, network security, and radio security. The industrial development environment has been continuously optimized. We issued and implemented a number of important policy initiatives, established a normalized exchange mechanism between manufacturing enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises, implemented the special project of "financial integration of science and technology industries", and continued to promote international cooperation. Promote the comprehensive and strict management of the party to develop in depth. Fully support and cooperate with the central inspection, insist on changing as soon as you know it, make reforms in a down-to-earth manner, lead high-quality development with high-quality party building, and further boost the entrepreneurial spirit of cadres and officials in party member.

The meeting pointed out that 2024 is the 75th anniversary of the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), a crucial year to achieve the objectives and tasks of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and an important year to fully implement the deployment of the National New Industrialization Promotion Conference. We must adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, thoroughly study and implement the important exposition of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary on new industrialization, conscientiously implement the deployment requirements of the Central Economic Work Conference and the National New Industrialization Promotion Conference, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, comprehensively implement the new development concept, and make overall plans for high-quality development and high-level security. Vigorously promote new industrialization, implement high-quality development actions of key manufacturing industry chains, enhance industrial scientific and technological innovation capabilities, transform and upgrade traditional industries, consolidate and upgrade advantageous industries, cultivate and expand emerging industries, lay out future industries in a forward-looking way, support the specialized and innovative development of small and medium-sized enterprises, accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system with scientific and technological innovation as the guide and advanced manufacturing as the backbone, and provide a solid material and technical foundation for comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese modernization.

The meeting stressed that in 2024, we should focus on high-quality development, highlight key points, grasp the key points, and do a good job in 12 key tasks. First, make every effort to promote the steady growth of the industrial economy. We will do a good job in implementing the policy of steady growth, implement the work plan of steady growth in ten major industries in depth, support major industrial provinces to continue to "take the lead" and do a good job in economic propaganda, policy interpretation and public opinion guidance. Deepen the "three products" action of raw materials and consumer goods, and boost the mass consumption of new energy vehicles and electronic products. Deepen the integration of production and operation, and do a good job in ensuring the service of key foreign-funded projects in manufacturing. Keep the tobacco industry growing steadily. The second is to fully implement the high-quality development actions of key manufacturing industry chains. Make overall plans to promote key core technology research projects, industrial base reconstruction projects and major technical equipment research projects, strengthen application traction, speed up technical research breakthroughs and application of achievements, and realize "turning points into pearls and beads into chains". The third is to enhance the ability of industrial scientific and technological innovation. Vigorously promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, implement major scientific and technological innovation projects in depth, continuously optimize the innovation platform network, accelerate the cultivation of innovative enterprises, and create an upgraded version of the "Torch" brand. Promote the park to improve quality and efficiency, and start to create a national new industrialization demonstration zone. The fourth is to speed up the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. We will implement the technological transformation and upgrading project of manufacturing industry, support the equipment renewal of enterprises, and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of key industries such as steel, nonferrous metals and light industry. Promote the manufacturing industry’s "intelligent change from digital to network", deepen the pilot demonstration of intelligent manufacturing, and promote the construction of open source system. Continue to do a good job in industrial transfer and development docking activities. The fifth is to consolidate and enhance the leading position of advantageous industries.Accelerate the strong chain to supplement the chain and extend the chain to enhance the competitiveness of the whole industry. Support the development of new energy vehicle power exchange mode, and do a good job in the pilot area of comprehensive electrification of vehicles in the public sector. Strengthen the standard guidance and quality supervision of photovoltaic industry. Promote high-end applications of rare earths in aerospace, electronic information, new energy and other fields. Sixth, accelerate the cultivation of emerging industries. We will launch a pilot program of intelligent networked vehicle access and road traffic, and promote the scale application of Beidou and the development of satellite Internet. We will expand new industries such as new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, biomedicine, high-end medical equipment and safety emergency equipment, and create new growth points such as bio-manufacturing, commercial aerospace and low-altitude economy. Introduce an action plan for future industrial development, aim at humanoid robots, quantum information and other industries, and strive to break through key technologies, cultivate key products, and expand scene applications. The seventh is to promote the high-quality development of the information and communication industry. Coordinate the work of "construction, use and research", promote the scale deployment of 5G and Gigabit optical networks, speed up the layout of intelligent computing facilities, and strengthen the pre-research of 6G. Innovate the supervision of the information and communication market, further promote the construction of morals and rectification work, and improve the emergency communication plan and command system. Promote the large-scale application of 5G and issue guidance on the high-quality development of industrial Internet. Carry out special actions to protect and improve key information infrastructure to improve the data security management level of the industry. Eight is to promote green and low-carbon industrial development. Steadily promote carbon emission reduction in the industrial sector, strictly control the new production capacity of steel, cement and flat glass, carry out industrial digital carbon management pilot projects, and thoroughly implement industrial energy efficiency and water efficiency improvement actions.Actively explore the market-oriented ways of comprehensive utilization of emerging solid wastes, vigorously develop green and low-carbon industries, and comprehensively promote green manufacturing. Nine is to promote the high-quality development of SMEs. We will implement a number of inclusive assistance policies, support the innovation and development of specialized and new enterprises through multiple channels, and carry out in-depth pilot projects of digital transformation cities for small and medium-sized enterprises and special actions of "three taxes". Accelerate the construction of a "network" for small and medium-sized enterprises nationwide. In-depth implementation of a series of activities to promote the development of large, medium and small enterprises. The tenth is to optimize the layout of the national defense science, technology and industry system and consolidate and improve the strategic system and capabilities of the integrated country. Eleven is to support the "double first-class" construction of subordinate colleges and universities. Strengthen Party building, ideological and political work, build a discipline and specialty system with distinctive features and outstanding advantages, cultivate top-notch innovative talents, support subordinate universities to participate in the construction of national laboratories, and ensure campus security and stability. The twelfth is to improve the modernization level of industry governance. Strengthen the normative guidance for industries with overcapacity. Implement the pilot project of new industry standardization. We will implement measures to fully open the manufacturing industry to the outside world, relax access to the telecommunications market, and deepen cooperation in bilateral and multilateral mechanisms. Do a good job in the implementation of key projects such as manufacturing personnel training. Strengthen the construction of communication management bureau. Support subordinate units to focus on the main business, highlight the characteristics, and build core support capabilities. Strengthen the supervision of the civil explosive industry, and do a good job in the supervision of safety production in the communication industry and the construction of communication facilities. Do a good job in major events and emergency communication services, network security, radio security and other security work.

The meeting stressed that it is necessary to further strengthen the Party’s innovative theory, thoroughly study and implement the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, thoroughly understand the important exposition of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary on new industrialization, firmly defend the "two establishments", resolutely achieve the "two maintenances", do a good job of "three exemplary models", build a model organ, and walk well in the "first phalanx". We should pay close attention to implementation, resolutely implement the arrangements of the Central Economic Work Conference and the National New Industrialization Promotion Conference, pay attention to coordination, strengthen investigation and study, improve the ability to perform their duties, resolutely correct formalism and bureaucracy, make up our minds to streamline forums, exhibitions and other activities, take the lead in living a tight life, and fully accomplish all the goals and tasks in 2024. It is necessary to create a good atmosphere for entrepreneurs, carry forward the spirit of "two bombs and one satellite", the spirit of manned spaceflight, the spirit of artisans and the fine tradition of "Harbin Military Industry", advocate a strict and meticulous work style, be resolute and resolute, unite and cooperate, and be dedicated and standardized, and give opportunities to entrepreneurs, give stage to those who can do things, and give incentives to those who can do things, so as to further boost the entrepreneurial spirit of cadres and cadres in party member. It is necessary to comprehensively strengthen party building, run the requirements of strictly administering the party in an all-round way through the whole process of all aspects, earnestly support and cooperate with the central inspection, earnestly do a good job in the central inspection and rectification tasks, and promote the "three red lines" of integrity, confidentiality and safety in an all-round way, and lead high-quality development with high-quality party building.

The meeting demanded that at the end of the year and the beginning of the year, we should tighten the string of ensuring people’s livelihood, safety and stability, and do a solid job in enterprise assistance, holiday market supply, communication services, radio detection, safety production, emergency duty and other work. Organize condolences to retired cadres and old workers. Strictly implement the spirit of the eight central regulations and their detailed rules for implementation, seriously investigate and deal with the "four winds" issue, and ensure a clean and upright atmosphere during the festival.

(Original title: "National Conference on Industry and Informatization Held in Beijing")

　　Mp3 is still here today, not the player of that year. The author’s impression of mp3 players began in high school. At that time, I was still using a heavy tape walkman, but "wearing headphones and hanging an mp3 player around my neck" has quietly become a campus fashion. At that time, the mp3 player was relatively large, connected with wired headphones, and looked from a distance, as if a stethoscope was hung around his neck.

　　At that time, I was lucky enough to experience my roommate’s mp3 player. It was very convenient to listen to songs, but it was inconvenient to find songs. The playing modes were only sequential playing, random playing and single loop. As an expert in using the rewind button of the walkman, I can judge the position and rewind time of a song according to the diameter of the tape reel, so the mp3 player is really "hehe" in my eyes.

　　Unfortunately, the good times didn’t last long. As soon as I graduated from high school, digital products such as walkman and tape were swept into the history museum along with the "rewind skills" that the author was proud of. But they were not killed by mp3 players, but by more advanced mobile phones. When I was in college, I used a mobile phone called "Nokia". Now children may not have heard of this brand. Back in those days, Nokia dominated the mobile phone industry with its Symbian intelligent system. It could not only listen to mp3 music, but also watch movies on a 2: 00-inch screen. Of course, more importantly, it saved money on mp3 and mp4 players.

　　However, the author’s college roommate Z still keeps the habit of using mp3 player. His mp3 player is a famous brand product in Japan, which costs thousands of dollars. It is said that the sound quality is excellent when used with a pair of German brand headphones costing more than 300 yuan. I’ve listened to it, too, and it’s really good, but if it’s too good to be wanted, it’s not too bad.

　　This Z student not only has an mp3 player, but also an mp4 player with a bigger screen than his face, which is the originator of the current big-screen mobile phone. At that time, I thought that it was just around the corner for mobile phones to replace mp3 and mp4 players, and the practice of Z students could only be simply evaluated as rich and powerful.

　　However, classmate Z gave me an unexpected answer. He said: "the computer is very powerful, right? But every time I turn on the computer, I always change my original intention unconsciously. For example, I originally wanted to watch a movie, but I played a game." I wanted to listen to music, but I got online. So I think that computers are used to play games online, mp4 players are used to watch movies, and mp3 players are used to listen to music. "

　　Some people may say that this is your classmate Z’s poor self-control. But just imagine, if you were given a computer with Internet access and full of movies, music and games to learn English, how long would you last without external supervision?

　　Once upon a time, the author was superstitious about self-control, but if we contact the supervision mechanism, we will find that in a relaxed environment, facing a world full of temptations, people basically have no self-control, and the probability of getting lost or even sinking is extremely high.

　　"The keyboard starts and ends, and you know exactly that 88 keys are there. You can’t go wrong … I like it, and I can easily cope with it … in that infinite spreading city, everything is there, but there is no end, no end at all. What I can’t see is the end of all this, the end of the world. " At the end of the movie legend of 1900, the hero 1900 uttered such a sigh.

　　I don’t know how many netizens have had similar ideas to 1900 when facing computers and mobile phones. Or perhaps, many netizens have lost themselves in the abyss of network information and forgotten the original intention of using computers and mobile phones before they have time to express their feelings.

　　Many years later, when I bought a certain brand of electronic paper book reader, I remembered the classmate who listened to music with mp3 player in college. Someone asked me: Why spend more than 800 yuan to buy a digital product that is slow to respond and can only read books?

　　To this, I can only answer: because my self-control is too poor.

In the first half of this year, China’s cross-border e-commerce import and export was 1.22 trillion yuan, up 10.5% year-on-year, which was 4.4 percentage points higher than the overall growth rate of China’s foreign trade in the same period. Last year, China’s cross-border e-commerce import and export increased by 1.2 times compared with 2018.

Cross-border e-commerce is becoming the new engine of foreign trade growth in various places. Guangdong, Shandong, Zhejiang and other major foreign trade provinces and Tibet and other open areas along the border are exploring new modes of innovation and development in light of their own reality. Among them, overseas warehouses, as a new foreign trade infrastructure, play an increasingly important role in cross-border trade.

Recently, a batch of fitness equipment produced by Guangdong Zhongshan Yingliang Health Technology Co., Ltd. was transported to overseas warehouses of cross-border e-commerce in the United States by international freighters. "Under the guidance of Zhongshan Customs, we began to transform and go to sea through cross-border e-commerce." Wen Yanni, the business manager of the company, said, "All our orders in the US market are shipped from overseas warehouses, which is more efficient than the domestic direct delivery model."

As a leading cross-border e-commerce enterprise in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, Shangrui Technology Co., Ltd. has driven nearly 100 traditional manufacturing enterprises to expand overseas online markets. Cheng Tianle, chairman of the company, said: "More than 90% of our orders are shipped from overseas warehouses."

Up to now, Guangdong Province has built all kinds of overseas warehouses in the world with a total area of nearly 6 million square meters. In the first half of this year, the import and export of cross-border e-commerce in Guangdong Province reached 427.34 billion yuan. From 11.3 billion yuan in 2015 to 843.3 billion yuan in 2023, the average annual growth rate of cross-border e-commerce import and export in Guangdong Province is as high as 71.4%, accounting for more than one-third of the national cross-border e-commerce import and export.

Guanxian, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province also actively guides enterprises to develop overseas warehouse layout with the help of the business policy of stabilizing foreign trade and benefiting enterprises. "We encourage enterprises to set up a guanxian brand commodity exhibition center in public overseas warehouses by means of’ exhibition before warehouse’ to support the venue rent; Encourage enterprises to build agricultural products group buying platforms or independent stations to support construction and operating expenses. " Guo Huawei, Party Secretary of guanxian Commerce and Investment Promotion Bureau, said.

A few years ago, the overseas warehouse project of guanxian Baijia Food Co., Ltd. was recognized as a key public overseas warehouse by the Shandong Provincial Department of Commerce, and successfully applied for support funds. "In the first half of this year, our overseas warehouse turnover was US$ 30.1 million, serving 42 domestic enterprises." Song Xiangzhen, manager of the international trade department of Baijia Food Co., Ltd. said.

Linyi City, Shandong Province has continuously expanded its overseas network layout, implemented the "Overseas Warehouse Plan", and encouraged enterprises to build overseas shopping malls and warehouses in countries and regions, RCEP member countries and emerging market countries in the "Belt and Road". At present, there are 31 overseas shopping malls and warehouses in Linyi City.

In the Lanhua Overseas Shopping Mall in Linyi, China, Longren City, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, Linyi specialty products such as wickerwork table lamps, Kadele building blocks and pet products are dazzling. This overseas Linyi Mall opened in September last year. It integrates Linyi’s high-quality products according to the mode of "exhibition before warehouse". It has the functions of display, experience, sales and warehousing, and is also an upgraded version of the traditional overseas warehouse. Guan Zhaojun, Chairman and President of Lanhua Group, introduced that the company has also built overseas shopping malls and warehouses in Malaysia, the United States, Kazakhstan and Thailand, and cooperated to build a "Sino-Vietnamese border warehouse" in the estuary of Yunnan, continuously developing international trade business and selling Linyi specialty products overseas.

In recent years, the trade between China and Nepal has shown a sustained growth trend. After investigation and on-the-spot investigation, Tibet Lhasa Bureau of Commerce and Lhasa Zangni International Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd. completed the construction and operation of overseas warehouses in only three months. "Lhasa encourages foreign trade enterprises to build overseas warehouses, and will support enterprises identified as public overseas warehouses up to 5 million yuan. At the same time, 50% rent subsidy will be given to enterprises that lease overseas warehouses. " Zhao Hancai, deputy section chief of the Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Department of the Lhasa Municipal Bureau of Commerce, said that after the opening of the cross-border electronic commerce Comprehensive Experimental Zone, Lhasa has made great efforts in optimizing the customs clearance environment and exploring the international market, making cross-border electronic commerce’s industry bigger and stronger.

"China goods are very popular in Nepal. We are purchasing small household appliances, clothing, shoes and hats and other goods to send to Nepal. " Fu Guangyi, general manager of Lhasa Zangni International Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd. introduced that the cross-border e-commerce model enables goods to be delivered to overseas consumers faster through the pre-stocking of overseas warehouses, saving logistics costs, enriching export categories and expanding overseas consumer markets for local traditional foreign trade enterprises.

According to reports, relying on Nepal’s overseas warehouses, the Lhasa Municipal Bureau of Commerce will cultivate and attract a number of key cross-border e-commerce enterprises and service providers, and lay a good combination of cross-border e-commerce, overseas warehouse opening and overseas participation to expand export channels. This year, the Lhasa overseas warehouse project plans to complete a total export trade of about 400 million yuan.

In order to better serve cross-border e-commerce, various localities continue to introduce new policies and measures.

In order to accelerate the cultivation of new formats such as cross-border e-commerce, the Guangdong Provincial Department of Commerce has taken the lead in formulating opinions on the planning and construction of cross-border e-commerce parks, and has successively issued policies such as high-quality development of cross-border e-commerce and sustained and stable development of cross-border e-commerce.

Pan Wenqing, deputy mayor of Lhasa, said that since the approval of the cross-border electronic commerce Comprehensive Experimental Zone in Lhasa, the city has formulated and introduced cross-border e-commerce support policies, introduced and cultivated cross-border e-commerce business entities, made every effort to build a cross-border e-commerce industry ecosystem, and continuously enhanced the endogenous motivation of foreign trade. In the first half of this year, Lhasa achieved a total import and export value of 2.594 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 183.3%, and foreign trade showed a good development trend.

Since the beginning of this year, the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Commerce has further promoted the cultivation of cross-border e-commerce, and continued to carry out the action of "opening stores around the world, launching brands to the sea, and piloting independent stations" to promote the docking of high-quality service providers’ resources with enterprises in industrial belts. At present, there are 206,000 active cross-border e-commerce export online stores in Zhejiang Province, and there are over 600 enterprises with annual sales of over 100 million yuan. According to data released by Hangzhou Customs, in the first half of the year, cross-border e-commerce exports in Zhejiang Province reached 179.93 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 38.5%.

Recently, a number of self-designed oil-paper umbrellas of Hangzhou Anruosu Technology Co., Ltd. were successfully exported to the European market on special cross-border e-commerce cargo flights.

"Since the opening of an online store on the cross-border e-commerce platform in February this year, the sales of oil-paper umbrellas have increased month by month, and now they can receive more than 100 overseas orders on average every day." Li Yanshuang, the person in charge of the company, said that when traditional culture embraces emerging formats, Chinese-style cultural products such as oil-paper umbrellas and horse-faced skirts are continuing to "circle powder" in foreign consumer markets.

Zhu Cheng, president of Zhejiang Bichuang Technology Group Co., Ltd., believes that cultural tourism products will become a new variety of cross-border e-commerce track and will usher in huge market opportunities in the future. At present, the company intends to unite Guangdong? Sub-industry investment groups, etc., work together to create an industry-oriented park that integrates "cross-border e-commerce+cultural (cultural) industry incubation+overseas social media+industrial funds". At the same time, build an ecological service chain to serve the national culture and tourism enterprises, and boost China’s cultural tourism products to the world.

In order to support more traditional enterprises to better connect with the international market, Hangzhou Customs has made efforts in strengthening policy guidance and improving supervision and support, unblocked the channels for enterprises to "go to sea" and supported the normal operation of cross-border e-commerce export cargo flights. The Zhejiang Provincial Department of Commerce will also establish a cross-border e-commerce enterprise cultivation library, focusing on promoting traditional industrial and trade enterprises, specialized and special new enterprises, commercial and trade circulation enterprises, domestic e-commerce sellers, etc. to carry out cross-border e-commerce business and form new cross-border e-commerce increments. (Reporter Zhang Jianjun, Wang Jinhu, Dai Ling, Li Jing)

At one o’clock this morning, the annual "Spring Festival Evening" in the science and technology circle-Apple Autumn New Product Launch Conference was held in Apple Park Park. The good news is that this time Apple launched three new iPhone：iPhone XS, iPhone XS Max and iPhone XR. The bad news is that the prices are not "close to the people", especially the largest iPhone Xs Max, with a maximum price of 12,799 yuan. Earlier, some netizens laughed and said, "If you can’t afford it, you will stay up late to watch the live broadcast. Local tyrants will wake up and buy it directly!" This article will take those friends who are neither local tyrants nor watching the live broadcast to relive the dry goods of the conference.

Focus!

1. Apple released three new iPhones, the model of which is iPhone XS/XS Max/XR, and an Apple Watch Series 4； that supports ECG function;

2, the strongest mobile phone chip in history, three new iPhone products all adopt Apple’s latest bionic chip A12；;

3. The China version of iPhone XS Max and iPhone XR have added support for dual card dual standby, which is the first time in the history of Apple mobile phones;

4, the price hit a new high, the highest price of iPhone XS Max licensed is 12,799 yuan.

5, Apple Watch Series 4 is equipped with a new S4 chip, which supports ECG ECG function.

It is worth mentioning that after three new iphones were put on the shelves of Apple official website, last year’s iPhone was officially discontinued in Apple official website. However, the previous flagship models-iPhone 8 and iPhone7-are still available for sale. The official explanation given by Apple is that users can buy iPhones through authorized dealer channels. Although the price of iPhone has been reduced by nearly 2,000 yuan, it is still higher than that of iPhoneXR just released. Presumably, people who plan to buy iPhone may be more willing to save a few hundred yuan to buy a new iPhone equipped with Apple A12 processor.

Now, let’s see what else.futuristic techBirth ▼

Double card and double standby, underwater bubble for 30 minutes without pressure.

After 10 years, the iPhone finally supports dual cards! IPhone XS Max supports dual card dual standby.

Apple made a dual-card version specially for China. IPhone XS Max can insert two cards directly, using the design of inserting cards on the front and back of a single card slot similar to OPPO Find X. (Dual telecom cards are not supported)

In addition, waterproof has reached the level of IP68, which means that the mobile phone can be placed under water for up to 30 minutes. If you accidentally drop it in the swimming pool, it doesn’t matter. Pick it up, blow it again, and it will be fine when it is dry.

"The first 7 nm A12 bionic biochip in the industry"

All three new iPhone products use Apple’s latest bionic chip A12.

Last year, the operation of A11 bionic chip could reach 60 million operations per second, so in A12 bionic chip, the operation data per second reached 5 trillion.

This power is mainly reflected in the following points:

The first is display performance.For example, portrait mode, portrait lighting effect, animated expressions, AR experience, Siri shortcuts, etc. all have great demand for neural network engines.

Followed by the AI camera.IPhone XS and iPhone XS Max have wide-angle and telephoto rear cameras, both of which are 12-megapixel sensors. A12 chip can automatically perform exposure or white balance, and can also reduce dryness.

In the portrait mode of the camera, the depth of field function is also added, so that users can automatically isolate the subject and blur the background, and the effect is very good.

Apple Watch Series 4

Apple also launched the Apple Watch Series 4 smart watch today, which is the first major design transformation of Apple Watch in more than three years-the most intuitive improvement is a larger display with radians and almost no borders at the edges.　

The dial can display more information (BBC).

The biggest highlight is its health functions, including:Measure heartbeat and abnormal prompt、Fall detectionandSOS emergency contactandElectrocardiogram generating function . Users can also put their fingers on it at any time to see the real-time ECG and heart rate, and the whole process takes only 30 seconds.　

Version and price

There are two versions of Apple Watch Series 4, the separate GPS version starts at 3199 yuan, and the GPS+cellular network version starts at 3999 yuan.

Sale time

Ordering began on September 14th, and it will be released on September 21st.

The fruit powder cried and Huawei smiled …

As soon as the price of the new iPhone was announced, fruit powder said "can’t afford it".

However, there is another episode: at about 3 o’clock, Yu Chengdong, senior vice president of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., wrote in his personal Weibo:Steady, I’ll see you in London on October 16th!Subsequently, Huawei PK Apple’s brand spoof map appeared on the Internet.

It seems that after reading the conference, Huawei is very confident. As for the people who eat melons, it is still the price issue that is more spit.

Do you want to buy the new iPhone? Have you paid off last year’s installment?

Source: Qilu Net Comprehensive People’s Network, WeChat public number: ZEALER, Popular Science China, 21st century business herald, Sina Weibo.

Professor Yang Xichuan, Original Professor of Xichuan Xiaoliang Dermatology

| Editing/Typesetting: Fanny Editor: kiki&Jeing Audit: Li Yun

Fact is stranger than fiction. There are thousands of diseases in the world, which are particularly strange and rare?

Today, Xiao Liang, a boy♂ who is keen on studying the mysteries of the body, will take you close to science and learn about four bizarre and rare human diseases that may be unknown to 90% people (strange knowledge has increased again).

Please note that there is continuous high energy ahead, and timid students should be careful ~

NO.1 Shuren disease: hands and feet are covered with "branches and roots"

I’m sure you’ve all heard about vegetative state, but have you ever heard of Shuren? What do you think of first? The cute Groot in Marvel Comics’s movies?

(Source: dribbble/Hancooock)

The tree people in the movie can love each other, but in real life, the "tree people" have to suffer from "tree people’s disease".

Shuren’s disease, medically known as "epidermodysplasia verrucosa", is a rare hereditary skin disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which may be related to gene mutation. It usually begins between the ages of 4 and 8, and most often begins before the age of 20.

People with Shuren’s disease usually grow many sarcomas, maculae and papules that look like branches and roots on their hands and feet, which not only affect the appearance, but also make it inconvenient for daily life, and also turn into skin cancer with high winds.

(Indonesian man suffering from Shuren disease)

Unfortunately, there is no unified and effective solution to this disease at present. Some studies think that retinoids can improve it to some extent. In addition, patients should avoid excessive sun exposure, and if they are prone to cancer, they should be operated immediately or removed by other methods.

NO.2 Premature senility: 7-year-old age and 70-year-old appearance

Anti-aging is the pursuit of many people. Who doesn’t want to be younger and more energetic every year? However, in this world, some people actually get old and even die early at a young age because of a rare genetic disease-premature senility.

Art comes from life. It is said that the film "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" (also known as "Rejuvenation") may be inspired by premature senility, but the time sequence is reversed. The hero of the film looks like an old man of 70 or 80 at birth. As time goes by, the people around him are getting older, but he is rejuvenating, getting younger and younger, and finally returning to the baby form and dying in the arms of an old lover.

(Source: Movie "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button")

If the protagonist’s life is a bizarre movie, then in reality, patients with premature senility live a life like pressing the acceleration button, aging faster than their peers, feeling the rapid failure of every body organ every day, and dying before they bloom.

There are some heartbreaking facts about premature senility:

● Premature senility in adults: Patients usually develop normally before puberty. At the age of 20-30, they begin to have aging characteristics such as skin wrinkles, muscle atrophy, gray hair and shedding, and the average age of death is 47 years old.

● Premature senility in children: The patient is normal at birth, but after birth, the appearance and body organs will accelerate the aging and decline, and with the increase of age, he will suffer from various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, and the average age of death is only 13 years old.

(patients with premature senility)

NO.3 Vampire: You can only live in darkness.

Legend has it that there are zombies in the East and vampires in the West. Speaking of vampires, you may think of the handsome "ghosts" of noble Leng Yan in film and television dramas. In real life, many people are willing to believe that vampires exist in some corner of the world, but in the medical field, "vampires" really may exist, and they are porphyria patients.

You can slide left and right to view the picture, but it is recommended to slide carefully!

Porphyrin (bD lí n) disease is a rare metabolic disease caused by the lack of enzyme activity in heme biosynthesis pathway, which leads to abnormal increase of porphyrin or its precursor concentration and accumulation in tissues, resulting in cell damage. In 2020, experts in the diagnosis and treatment of porphyria agreed to divide porphyria into the following categories:

(Source: Literature [4])

When the medical profession knew nothing about porphyria hundreds of years ago, patients with porphyria were often considered as legendary vampires, which may be because some symptoms of porphyria are very similar to the image of vampires.

photophobia

People suffering from porphyria will be as afraid to be exposed to the sun as vampires, because they will get sick when they see light, and their skin will have photosensitive reaction, blisters, scars, deformities, etc., and in severe cases, they may be accompanied by the loss of fingers, eyelids, nose and ears.

"bloodthirsty"

Unlike vampires who directly suck people’s necks to drink blood, porphyria patients are "bloodthirsty" by blood transfusion to achieve treatment and relief.

Look different from ordinary people

The high level of porphyrin in red blood cells of patients with porphyria can lead to hemolysis, and severe hemolysis often leads to anemia, so it may cause pallor.

However, people with congenital erythropoietic porphyria will show red or brown color in their teeth, bones and urine due to excessive porphyrin, and they will fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet rays, which really looks a bit like vampires who have just eaten their children.

NO.4 werewolf syndrome: a real hairy child

Everyone has Mao Mao, but people with werewolf syndrome have a lot of Mao Mao.

However, this werewolf is not a werewolf. The so-called werewolf syndrome actually refers to "congenital systemic hirsutism". The patient’s whole body is covered with thick hair, which is beyond the normal physiological range of the same age, gender and race, and seems to be the image of a werewolf in our impression. In addition to excessive hair, it is usually accompanied by facial deformities.

(Source: Literature [6])

The prevalence rate of werewolf syndrome is extremely low, and it was once considered as an "atavism" phenomenon. However, at present, most studies believe that patients suffer from this disease because of unknown genetic defects.

Patients with the above diseases are often noticed by people in their daily lives because of their abnormal appearance, but who doesn’t want to be healthy and safe in life, and who would like to do so if they could start over.

When you meet them in your life, please be less discriminating and misunderstanding, and more understanding and kindness. I also hope that medical technology will be more developed in the future, so that these special patients can get better treatment and return to ordinary people’s lives.

[References]

[1]Agharbi FZ. Epidermodysplasie verruciforme: à propos d’un cas [Epidermodysplasia verruciformis: about a case]. Pan Afr Med J. 2018 May 29; 30:78. French. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2018.30.78.16058. PMID: 30344862; PMCID: PMC6191268.

Yang Hui, Liu Wan, Chang Jianmin. Verrucous epidermal dysplasia [J]. Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2015:13-14.

Wang Zehua, Li Hongyu, Qu Jing, Zhang Weiqi, Liu Guanghui. Pathogenesis and intervention methods of human premature senility [J]. Progress in biochemistry and biophysics, 2018,45(09):926-934.

[4] Erythrocyte Disease (Anemia) Group, Hematology Branch, Chinese Medical Association. Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Porphyrin Disease in China (2020) [J]. Chinese Medical Journal, 2020,100 (14): 1051-1056.

[5]Pavone P, Praticò AD, Falsaperla R, Ruggieri M, Zollino M, Corsello G, Neri G. Congenital generalized hypertrichosis: the skin as a clue to complex malformation syndromes. Ital J Pediatr. 2015 Aug 5; 41:55. doi: 10.1186/s13052-015-0161-3. PMID: 26242548; PMCID: PMC4526284.

[6]Sun M, Li N, Dong W, Chen Z, Liu Q, Xu Y, He G, Shi Y, Li X, Hao J, Luo Y, Shang D, Lv D, Ma F, Zhang D, Hua R, Lu C, Wen Y, Cao L, Irvine AD, McLean WH, Dong Q, Wang MR, Yu J, He L, Lo WH, Zhang X. Copy-number mutations on chromosome 17q24.2-q24.3 in congenital generalized hypertrichosis terminalis with or without gingival hyperplasia. Am J Hum Genet. 2009 Jun; 84(6):807-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.04.018. Epub 2009 May 21. PMID: 19463983; PMCID: PMC2694973.

[disclaimer]

The data in this article was updated on May 14th, 2021.

It was originally written by Professor Yang Xichuan, a dermatologist, aiming at popularizing science for readers.

Popular science content can not replace doctors’ diagnosis and treatment opinions, and is for reference only.

If you have skin problems, please consult a doctor in time.

Some pictures are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete them.

Cover image source: blurrr

Read the original text

　　From the end of 2017 to the present, the most talked about hair may be the so-called "post-90 s hair loss". The amount of discussion on this topic in Weibo was so great that it caused so much resonance that we were surprised.

　　No matter whether the post-90s generation has entered the stage of collectively worrying about hair loss, this topic can attract the attention of the whole people, indicating that everyone’s attitude towards the phenomenon of hair loss is absolutely-no! Can! Endure!

　　Although it is said that "smart brains don’t grow hairy", once the A, B and C around them suffer from hair loss, it is not only a change in appearance, but also will become unconfident and depressed over time, which will affect their mood in the long run.

　　Even Xiao Lizi can’t accept the change of face value brought by the backward movement of hairline.

　　As we all know, the workplace pressure faced by Japanese men is enormous. A survey shows that young people and middle-aged people who work hard in the Japanese workplace will take the initiative to save their hair once they encounter the problem of hair loss, and a large number of them will choose hair transplant. This is because they think that hair loss will affect their development in the workplace.

　　It can be seen that hair loss is not only a phenomenon that affects appearance, but also a serious issue that will affect people’s career prospects and personality formation. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of hair loss.

　　At present, in addition to surgical hair transplantation, it can be said that it is one of the effective and significant ways to solve the problem of hair loss, but first of all, the cost of hair transplantation is high, which is not acceptable to all people with hair loss; Secondly, the process of hair transplant surgery will also be accompanied by some pain; Finally, since it is an operation, there are also cases of risks and failures.

　　In addition to surgery, some anti-shedding/hair-growing shampoos are still the main methods for most people with hair loss. But the effect, it can be said that it is very general. Even if you come across some effective products, as an ordinary consumer, you are not sure whether the ingredients contain hormones or not, are you?

　　However, today, we want to tell you a good news-hair loss, and even all other hair problems you can imagine now, will be completely and fundamentally solved in the near future.

　　Xiaolang is not bragging because he dares to clap his chest like this to assure you. Because on April 3, local time in France, Xiaolang had the opportunity to participate in the 2018 Hair Summit held by L ‘Oré al Paris in Paris.

　　—————————— I am a serious and rigorous "science fiction" dividing line.

　　Here, we have the honor to see the research process of L ‘Oré al Paris Research Center on hair problems, understand their recent research directions and achievements, and bring you the prospect of hair care in 2050 (this vision has been confirmed by scientists to be completely achievable).

　　Now I’d like to show you the research results that scientists from L ‘Oré al Research Center in Paris have brought us, and their outlook on hair care in the next few decades.

　　Black Technology 1: Maintain the scalp and hair follicles healthy and orderly and solve the problem of hair loss.

　　So in 2050, what methods will we use to fundamentally solve the problem of hair loss? Scientists at the L ‘Oré al Research Center in Paris have given the answer-to maintain or increase the density of hair by keeping the scalp and hair follicles healthy and orderly.

　　By reactivating the hairs? Or extract hair follicles from other places and replant them into the scalp? On the other hand, how to reduce unwanted hair without destroying hair follicles? This will be their main research direction to fundamentally solve the problem of hair loss.

　　It can be predicted that by that time, we can completely control and activate hair follicles by scientific means, so we can not only make hair grow in hair follicles, but also remove unwanted hair? (Will anyone have this demand? Xiaolang, whose hair is worrying, said that he could not understand it, hahaha)

　　Black Technology 2: Synthesize nano-scale protein to repair damaged hair.

　　Do you think that solving the problem of hair loss is the greatest research achievement of scientists in L ‘Oré al Research Center? Then you are naive. At this summit, scientists also showed us that 30 years later, we will usher in such an era of hair care that seems completely unimaginable at present. protein is crucial to reverse the natural aging of hair, and in the future, plant-based bacteria will help us repair hair by synthesizing nano-scale protein (keratin-related protein), thus preventing hair from becoming dim or broken.

　　Not only can the damaged hair be fundamentally improved, but our daily hair care methods will also enter a brand-new "waterless era"!

　　In the future, there will be no need for water for hair washing and hair care. It is conceivable that there will be a water reprocessing station in everyone’s bathroom, and the efficacy of the product will become super lasting. At that time, there will be some ingredients that can be cultivated artificially. We will no longer explore the ingredients from the endless natural resources, but study these ingredients, and cultivate them artificially and from the perspective of sustainable development, and use them in production to achieve the effect of hair care.

　　Black technology 3: biotechnology controls hair color and bid farewell to white hair

　　In addition to hair care through technology, scientists at L ‘Oré al Paris Lab will also control hair through biotechnology. This can easily change the hair color, and then the so-called hair will turn white with human aging? There is no dear!

　　Well, after seeing the hair care methods in 2050, did you find it incredible for a while? But don’t think that this is just the result of brain opening. You know, this is a scientific conclusion given by scientists at the L ‘Oré al Research Center in Paris on the basis of continuous research and exploration in recent years.

　　The development and progress of science and technology will never exceed our imagination. I wish our hair can fight side by side with us until the day when the era of "big explosion of hair care technology" comes.

Dr. Guan Kang Kang You from the Department of Nuclear Medicine talks about thyroid gland.

1. What is pepsinogen?

Pepsinogen (PG) is the precursor of pepsin. According to its biochemical properties and immunogenicity, it can be divided into two subgroups. The immunogenicity of 1~5 components is the same, and it is called Pepsinogen I (PG I), which is mainly secreted by the main cells of gastric fundus gland and mucus neck cells. Components 6 and 7 are called pepsinogen Ⅱ(PGⅡ), which can be secreted by the main cells and mucus neck cells of gastric fundus gland, and also produced by mucus neck cells of pyloric gland of cardiac gland and gastric antrum and upper duodenum.

Usually, about 1% PG enters the blood circulation through the capillary of gastric mucosa, and the PG entering the blood circulation is very stable in the blood. Serum PG ⅰ and PG ⅱ reflect the number of glands and cells in gastric mucosa, and indirectly reflect the secretory function of different parts of gastric mucosa. When pathological changes occur in gastric mucosa, the content of serum PG also changes. Therefore, monitoring the concentration of PG in serum can be used as a means to monitor the status of gastric mucosa.

Detection of pepsinogen (PG), an early warning indicator of gastric cancer

1. Chronic atrophic gastritis is an important "transitional event" in gastric mucosa canceration.

Gastric cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in China, and its mortality ranks first among all kinds of malignant tumors. Its early diagnosis and early treatment have become the only way to improve the quality of life of patients and reduce the mortality. At present, the main methods for diagnosing gastric cancer are fiberoptic gastroscopy and upper gastrointestinal radiography, among which gastroscopy is called the "gold standard" for diagnosing gastric cancer.

At present, it is believed that partial atrophy can be reversed, and once it enters intestinal metaplasia, it is difficult to reverse it. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a tool that can keenly detect the atrophy of gastric mucosa. At this time, the detection of pepsinogen plays a powerful role.

When the gastric fundus gland atrophied, the number of main cells decreased and the level of PG ⅰ decreased. However, because there are more cells secreting PG ⅱ, PG ⅱ can still maintain a high level at this time, and the ratio of PG ⅰ to PG ⅱ decreased significantly. When atrophic gastritis is accompanied by intestinal metaplasia and gastric antrum gland extends to the stomach body, and pseudopyloric metaplasia of gastric fundus gland occurs, the level of PG ⅱ increases more, and the ratio of PG ⅰ to PG ⅱ decreases further. Therefore, the decrease of PG ⅰ level is a reliable sign of gastric fundus gland mucosa atrophy, and PG ⅰ/PG ⅱ profile reflects the degree of gastric fundus gland mucosa atrophy.

2. Helicobacter pylori infection is the initiating factor for the development of gastric cancer.

The occurrence of gastric cancer is the result of multiple factors. The multi-step hypothesis of gastric cancer, that is, from chronic non-atrophic gastritis (formerly known as chronic superficial gastritis) → atrophic gastritis → intestinal metaplasia → intraepithelial neoplasia (formerly known as dysplasia) → gastric cancer, has been generally accepted. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection has become the most important initiating factor, and Hp infection has been recognized as an independent risk factor for gastric cancer.

Therefore, active detection of Hp has become one of the important measures to prevent and treat gastric cancer. Hp detection is mainly divided into invasive and non-invasive methods. For Hp-positive infected people, the major guidelines have reached a consensus that Hp infection-related gastritis is an infectious disease and it is recommended to eradicate it.

Hp infection can also significantly affect the serum PG level. At the beginning, PG ⅰ and PG ⅱ both increased, and the increase of PG ⅱ was faster, then PG ⅰ/PG ⅱ decreased, and the larger the Hp infection focus, the greater the decrease of PG ⅰ/PG ⅱ. However, the results of pepsinogen test are lack of specificity, and special Hp test is still needed to judge whether Hp is infected or not.

Third, pepsinogen Ⅰ(PGⅠ),

The results of pepsinogen Ⅱ(PGⅡ) were analyzed as follows:

Four, "pepsinogen" test results misunderstanding:

Myth # 1: If only PG ⅰ is measured during physical examination, nearly 70% of the results are in the range of 40~70ng/mL, which seems to be lower than 70ng/mL on the surface, and gastric atrophy is suspected, but the results are difficult to explain because PG ⅱ and ratio are not measured. When PGⅡ is retested, the ratio of more than 90% is greater than 3. This kind of situation is due to the high incidence of chronic superficial gastritis in China population, which belongs to normal physiological gastric acid secretion insufficiency.

Myth 2: PG-positive means "stomach cancer theory": positive means people at high risk of stomach cancer. PG project is a simple screening project for gastric cancer in the early stage of physical examination, replacing X-ray and ultrasonic screening for gastric cancer. The main significance lies not in diagnosis but in early detection and prevention. Normal people are 15%PG positive, and those with PG positive have a high risk of developing gastric cancer, and the early detection rate of gastric cancer is 1%~2%.

Myth # 3: Pay attention to the change of reference range values of PG ⅰ and PG ⅱ, but not the ratio. Because the secretion of PG ⅰ in gastric mucosa changes greatly (above 70~800ng/mL) under the attack of inflammation, the secretion of PG ⅱ is relatively constant. When comparative value > 3, the degree of PG ⅰ increase can only be combined with clinical analysis to determine the type of gastric diseases. When comparative value < 3, it is suggested that further in-depth endoscopy or pathological sampling should be taken to confirm and warn the high risk of early gastric cancer, and follow-up monitoring should be carried out in the last five years. The incidence of gastric cancer was 2% in PG-positive patients who had no gastric cancer in the same year and in the following five years.

Five, Japan’s experience for reference ("ABC" method+endoscopic screening)

Our neighbor Japan, as a country with high incidence of gastric cancer, has done a very good job in early cancer screening. Their screening strategy for early cancer firmly grasps the two controllable factors of Hp infection and whether gastric fundus gland atrophy occurs.

The Kyoto Consensus of Japan made the following recommendations for the national early cancer screening strategy: first, for Hp infection, the Kyoto Consensus emphasized "shoot to kill", and after everyone sterilized and eradicated Hp, PG was evaluated. The ratio of PG ⅰ/PG ⅱ is ≤3.0, which is regarded as the critical diagnostic value of atrophic gastritis, and as the screening standard of high-risk population of gastric cancer.

Vi. A Long Way to Go-Strategies for Early Cancer Screening in China;

China has a large population base and the incidence of gastric cancer remains high, so it is imperative to find a simple, accurate and effective screening method for gastric cancer. In 2017, the China Consensus on Chronic Gastritis highly affirmed the value of PG, and the guidelines gave the following recommendations: The detection of serum pepsinogen (PG) ⅰ and ⅱ and gastrin -17 may help to judge whether there is gastric mucosal atrophy and its degree. Detection of serum PG ⅰ, PG ⅱ, PG ⅰ/PG ⅱ ratio combined with anti-Hp antibody is helpful for risk stratification management.

The Expert Consensus on Early Gastric Cancer Screening Process in China, published at the end of 2017, not only affirmed the value of serum PG, but also put forward a new gastric cancer screening scoring system, in which the elderly, male, Hp antibody positive, low pepsinogen ratio (PGR) and high serum 17(gastrin-17 (G-17) level are high risk factors for gastric cancer.

Among them, G-17 is a new item in China Guide. G-17 is an amidated gastrin synthesized and secreted by G cells in gastric antrum. Its main physiological function is to stimulate gastric acid secretion and promote the proliferation and differentiation of gastric mucosal cells. G-17 is one of the sensitive indexes to reflect the endocrine function of gastric antrum, which can indicate the atrophy of gastric antrum mucosa or whether there is abnormal proliferation. G-17 itself can also promote the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. When the serum G-17 level rises, it may indicate the risk of gastric cancer.

In addition, different from the Kyoto consensus, the consensus in China put forward the critical value of serological detection for the first time, that is, when PGR<3.89 and G-17> 1.50pmol/L, the risk of gastric cancer increased significantly. The critical value of PGR defined by Kyoto Consensus is ≤3.

According to the score, the guide divides the population into three groups: low risk, medium risk and high risk, and gives the screening strategy.

At the same time, however, we should also see the shortcomings of the China guidelines. The screening population is over 40 years old, and there are other risk factors such as high incidence area of gastric cancer, Hp infection, previous precancerous diseases of gastric cancer, first-degree relatives of gastric cancer patients, diet and so on. However, at present, the onset age of gastric cancer is getting earlier and earlier, and I believe it will definitely enter prospecting stage in the future.

To sum up, serum PG combined with Hp detection is helpful to evaluate the risk of gastric cancer, and can be used as a routine screening method for gastric cancer for ordinary people. However, it cannot replace gastroscopy, and gastroscopy is still strongly recommended for high-risk groups.

Original title: Clinical Significance of Detection of Pepsinogen (PG)

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