Dr. Guan Kang Kang You from the Department of Nuclear Medicine talks about thyroid gland.

1. What is pepsinogen?

Pepsinogen (PG) is the precursor of pepsin. According to its biochemical properties and immunogenicity, it can be divided into two subgroups. The immunogenicity of 1~5 components is the same, and it is called Pepsinogen I (PG I), which is mainly secreted by the main cells of gastric fundus gland and mucus neck cells. Components 6 and 7 are called pepsinogen Ⅱ(PGⅡ), which can be secreted by the main cells and mucus neck cells of gastric fundus gland, and also produced by mucus neck cells of pyloric gland of cardiac gland and gastric antrum and upper duodenum.

Usually, about 1% PG enters the blood circulation through the capillary of gastric mucosa, and the PG entering the blood circulation is very stable in the blood. Serum PG ⅰ and PG ⅱ reflect the number of glands and cells in gastric mucosa, and indirectly reflect the secretory function of different parts of gastric mucosa. When pathological changes occur in gastric mucosa, the content of serum PG also changes. Therefore, monitoring the concentration of PG in serum can be used as a means to monitor the status of gastric mucosa.

Detection of pepsinogen (PG), an early warning indicator of gastric cancer

1. Chronic atrophic gastritis is an important "transitional event" in gastric mucosa canceration.

Gastric cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in China, and its mortality ranks first among all kinds of malignant tumors. Its early diagnosis and early treatment have become the only way to improve the quality of life of patients and reduce the mortality. At present, the main methods for diagnosing gastric cancer are fiberoptic gastroscopy and upper gastrointestinal radiography, among which gastroscopy is called the "gold standard" for diagnosing gastric cancer.

At present, it is believed that partial atrophy can be reversed, and once it enters intestinal metaplasia, it is difficult to reverse it. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a tool that can keenly detect the atrophy of gastric mucosa. At this time, the detection of pepsinogen plays a powerful role.

When the gastric fundus gland atrophied, the number of main cells decreased and the level of PG ⅰ decreased. However, because there are more cells secreting PG ⅱ, PG ⅱ can still maintain a high level at this time, and the ratio of PG ⅰ to PG ⅱ decreased significantly. When atrophic gastritis is accompanied by intestinal metaplasia and gastric antrum gland extends to the stomach body, and pseudopyloric metaplasia of gastric fundus gland occurs, the level of PG ⅱ increases more, and the ratio of PG ⅰ to PG ⅱ decreases further. Therefore, the decrease of PG ⅰ level is a reliable sign of gastric fundus gland mucosa atrophy, and PG ⅰ/PG ⅱ profile reflects the degree of gastric fundus gland mucosa atrophy.

2. Helicobacter pylori infection is the initiating factor for the development of gastric cancer.

The occurrence of gastric cancer is the result of multiple factors. The multi-step hypothesis of gastric cancer, that is, from chronic non-atrophic gastritis (formerly known as chronic superficial gastritis) → atrophic gastritis → intestinal metaplasia → intraepithelial neoplasia (formerly known as dysplasia) → gastric cancer, has been generally accepted. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection has become the most important initiating factor, and Hp infection has been recognized as an independent risk factor for gastric cancer.

Therefore, active detection of Hp has become one of the important measures to prevent and treat gastric cancer. Hp detection is mainly divided into invasive and non-invasive methods. For Hp-positive infected people, the major guidelines have reached a consensus that Hp infection-related gastritis is an infectious disease and it is recommended to eradicate it.

Hp infection can also significantly affect the serum PG level. At the beginning, PG ⅰ and PG ⅱ both increased, and the increase of PG ⅱ was faster, then PG ⅰ/PG ⅱ decreased, and the larger the Hp infection focus, the greater the decrease of PG ⅰ/PG ⅱ. However, the results of pepsinogen test are lack of specificity, and special Hp test is still needed to judge whether Hp is infected or not.

Third, pepsinogen Ⅰ(PGⅠ),

The results of pepsinogen Ⅱ(PGⅡ) were analyzed as follows:

Four, "pepsinogen" test results misunderstanding:

Myth # 1: If only PG ⅰ is measured during physical examination, nearly 70% of the results are in the range of 40~70ng/mL, which seems to be lower than 70ng/mL on the surface, and gastric atrophy is suspected, but the results are difficult to explain because PG ⅱ and ratio are not measured. When PGⅡ is retested, the ratio of more than 90% is greater than 3. This kind of situation is due to the high incidence of chronic superficial gastritis in China population, which belongs to normal physiological gastric acid secretion insufficiency.

Myth 2: PG-positive means "stomach cancer theory": positive means people at high risk of stomach cancer. PG project is a simple screening project for gastric cancer in the early stage of physical examination, replacing X-ray and ultrasonic screening for gastric cancer. The main significance lies not in diagnosis but in early detection and prevention. Normal people are 15%PG positive, and those with PG positive have a high risk of developing gastric cancer, and the early detection rate of gastric cancer is 1%~2%.

Myth # 3: Pay attention to the change of reference range values of PG ⅰ and PG ⅱ, but not the ratio. Because the secretion of PG ⅰ in gastric mucosa changes greatly (above 70~800ng/mL) under the attack of inflammation, the secretion of PG ⅱ is relatively constant. When comparative value > 3, the degree of PG ⅰ increase can only be combined with clinical analysis to determine the type of gastric diseases. When comparative value < 3, it is suggested that further in-depth endoscopy or pathological sampling should be taken to confirm and warn the high risk of early gastric cancer, and follow-up monitoring should be carried out in the last five years. The incidence of gastric cancer was 2% in PG-positive patients who had no gastric cancer in the same year and in the following five years.

Five, Japan’s experience for reference ("ABC" method+endoscopic screening)

Our neighbor Japan, as a country with high incidence of gastric cancer, has done a very good job in early cancer screening. Their screening strategy for early cancer firmly grasps the two controllable factors of Hp infection and whether gastric fundus gland atrophy occurs.

The Kyoto Consensus of Japan made the following recommendations for the national early cancer screening strategy: first, for Hp infection, the Kyoto Consensus emphasized "shoot to kill", and after everyone sterilized and eradicated Hp, PG was evaluated. The ratio of PG ⅰ/PG ⅱ is ≤3.0, which is regarded as the critical diagnostic value of atrophic gastritis, and as the screening standard of high-risk population of gastric cancer.

Vi. A Long Way to Go-Strategies for Early Cancer Screening in China;

China has a large population base and the incidence of gastric cancer remains high, so it is imperative to find a simple, accurate and effective screening method for gastric cancer. In 2017, the China Consensus on Chronic Gastritis highly affirmed the value of PG, and the guidelines gave the following recommendations: The detection of serum pepsinogen (PG) ⅰ and ⅱ and gastrin -17 may help to judge whether there is gastric mucosal atrophy and its degree. Detection of serum PG ⅰ, PG ⅱ, PG ⅰ/PG ⅱ ratio combined with anti-Hp antibody is helpful for risk stratification management.

The Expert Consensus on Early Gastric Cancer Screening Process in China, published at the end of 2017, not only affirmed the value of serum PG, but also put forward a new gastric cancer screening scoring system, in which the elderly, male, Hp antibody positive, low pepsinogen ratio (PGR) and high serum 17(gastrin-17 (G-17) level are high risk factors for gastric cancer.

Among them, G-17 is a new item in China Guide. G-17 is an amidated gastrin synthesized and secreted by G cells in gastric antrum. Its main physiological function is to stimulate gastric acid secretion and promote the proliferation and differentiation of gastric mucosal cells. G-17 is one of the sensitive indexes to reflect the endocrine function of gastric antrum, which can indicate the atrophy of gastric antrum mucosa or whether there is abnormal proliferation. G-17 itself can also promote the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. When the serum G-17 level rises, it may indicate the risk of gastric cancer.

In addition, different from the Kyoto consensus, the consensus in China put forward the critical value of serological detection for the first time, that is, when PGR<3.89 and G-17> 1.50pmol/L, the risk of gastric cancer increased significantly. The critical value of PGR defined by Kyoto Consensus is ≤3.

According to the score, the guide divides the population into three groups: low risk, medium risk and high risk, and gives the screening strategy.

At the same time, however, we should also see the shortcomings of the China guidelines. The screening population is over 40 years old, and there are other risk factors such as high incidence area of gastric cancer, Hp infection, previous precancerous diseases of gastric cancer, first-degree relatives of gastric cancer patients, diet and so on. However, at present, the onset age of gastric cancer is getting earlier and earlier, and I believe it will definitely enter prospecting stage in the future.

To sum up, serum PG combined with Hp detection is helpful to evaluate the risk of gastric cancer, and can be used as a routine screening method for gastric cancer for ordinary people. However, it cannot replace gastroscopy, and gastroscopy is still strongly recommended for high-risk groups.

Original title: Clinical Significance of Detection of Pepsinogen (PG)

Read the original text

　　Cctv newsOn January 19th, the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council held a press conference on epidemic prevention and control during the Spring Festival.

　　At the meeting, a reporter asked whether people who have not yet been infected with Covid-19 can safely return home for the New Year. What are the suggestions on protection? Do people who have recently been infected with Covid-19 still need protection when traveling?

　　Chang Zhaorui, a researcher at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of China, said that people are generally susceptible to Covid-19. Some people who have not been infected do not rule out the influence of travel fatigue and frequent contacts during the Spring Festival, and the risk of infection will increase. It is suggested that relevant personnel should continue to do personal protection, keep regular work and rest, eat reasonably, exercise moderately, disinfect well and wear masks. The public who have been infected with Covid-19 should continue to do personal protection to prevent infection of other respiratory infectious diseases, including influenza.

Ashton Kutcher, the American movie star who plays Jobs, has just joined Lenovo Group. According to the USA-Today website, Kucher signed a cooperation agreement with Lenovo on the evening of 29th local time to serve as Lenovo’s product engineer and spokesperson.

Lenovo held a new product launch conference in Los Angeles at 7 o’clock that night, and launched the world’s first "legged" tablet computer &mdash; &mdash; Yoga tablet. The conference was broadcast live on Youtube for global users to watch. At the press conference, Kucher held a Yoga tablet computer, just like the way Jobs introduced Apple’s new products. After the conference, Kucher will meet Lenovo engineers and executives in China in the future.

Kucher introduces Lenovo Yoga tablet computer.

Kucher said at the press conference that modern people often encounter two situations in their daily lives: lying in bed and using a tablet computer is easy to slip into their face because of their hands; The battery of a tablet or smart phone is useless, so everyone has to bring a brick-like mobile power supply. These two common details made the audience laugh, which is indeed an experience that many people have had. The new products launched by Lenovo just solved these two problems: the small bracket liberated people’s hands; The battery life that can work continuously for 18 hours on a single charge can help people reduce the weight of their backpacks. In addition, you can also charge your smartphone with a tablet computer, and the USB interface on the tablet computer can easily achieve this.

Lenovo’s new tablet has 8-inch and 10-inch versions, and the price is $249 and $299 respectively. These two products will be available from October 30, just in time to "play against Taiwan" with the Apple tablet iPad Air, which was officially released on November 1. However, Lenovo’s products are much cheaper than Apple’s iPad Air, and the lowest price of the new generation iPad is $499.

Kucher, 35, graduated from the University of Iowa in the United States, majoring in biochemical engineering (but didn’t graduate). She was once kicked out of her dormitory because she was too noisy and crazy. However, he is now Walden Schmidt, the hero of the popular comedy Two and a Half Heroes, which was launched by CBS in the United States, and also a famous angel investor in Silicon Valley. In addition to Skype, Kucher’s investment also includes Foursquare, Flipboard and Path.

Kucher at the new product launch is very much like Jobs.

Kucher has also cooperated with Google and Apple. When talking about why he joined Lenovo, Kucher said, "Lenovo’s hardware is very, very good. I want to make their products as consumer-friendly as possible. " Kucher will make suggestions on the design and software of Yoga tablet.

USA-Today said that this cooperation is a prepared risk for both sides. And Kucher said that this is precisely the reason why he joined Lenovo. "If you look back on my career, you will find that I have always liked adventure &mdash; &mdash; Lenovo, too, "Kucher said.

Phoenix. com said that some fruit fans commented that Kucher had joined Lenovo: He should know more about Apple culture after playing Jobs, and now it’s a bit disappointing to advertise Lenovo for money. It seems that he is not a real fruit fan. Since he is not a fruit fan, no wonder he can’t play Jobs well.

Lenovo and Kucher did not disclose the salary of this cooperation.

Stills of the movie Jobs

Liam Neeson talks to the mystery man with a serious face.

1905 movie network news A few days ago, the action suspense film has met the audience in North America. The action scenes of life and death and the suspense reversal of wits have made the film gain excellent box office results and word of mouth after its release. With a series of films, liam neeson, who successfully created the screen to "rescue professional households", once again "returned to his old job". As an ordinary white-collar uncle, he was not only accidentally involved in a conspiracy, but also single-handedly searched for a mysterious passenger on the commuter train in new york and eliminated the danger, which was exciting and suspenseful.

The Commuter tells the story of Macaulay, the hero played by liam neeson, who meets the mysterious girl Joanna on his way home by commuter train in new york. Joanna offered Macaulay a tempting task &mdash; &mdash; Find out a passenger in the car and get a huge sum of cash in return. But in the process of searching, Macaulay gradually found himself not only involved in a deadly conspiracy, but also unable to quit, and a rescue operation full of suspense and excitement began. When the commuter train close to everyone’s life scene becomes a runaway and deadly journey, how Uncle Liam can solve the puzzles lurking in the commuter train and rescue the passengers is expected.

Liam Neeson turned into a white-collar uncle, running for his life.

With a series of screen roles to rescue relatives in distress, liam neeson deserves to be a "rescue specialist" in Hollywood. In Taken3 series films, he plays a retired agent who chases across many countries and rescues his daughter and wife from foreign evil organizations. Whether it is a sharp and professional lynching trial or a quick skill of one enemy and ten, the image of a loving father who is eager to save a woman and the fierce domineering of fighting violence with violence have made him numerous; In the movie, liam neeson, who plays the plainclothes air marshal, changed the battlefield again, fighting wits and wits with the hijackers lurking among the passengers at high altitude, reversing Gan Kun in the air at the peak of 10,000 meters, finding out the black hand behind the scenes from the clues, and at the same time, fighting hand-to-hand in the narrow cabin to rescue the passengers of the whole plane &hellip; &hellip;

It can be said that with a series of invincible rescue operations, Uncle Liam not only successfully created an IP movie with the theme of "rescue", but also made himself a leading figure in Hollywood action heroes and won fans all over the world to call him crazy.Different from films such as Taken3 and NON-STOP, the role played by liam neeson in The Commuter no longer has the aura of skills such as special agent and air marshal, but becomes a white-collar office worker. Playing an ordinary person in an action movie for the first time, he not only had to make a living, but also struggled with the complicated and demanding needs of his boss and customers. At the age of 60, he lost his job and lost his direction in life, and he didn’t know how to face his family and future. It is a challenge for talented liam neeson to play such an ordinary middle-aged man who is involved in a life-and-death rescue operation at the same time. In the film, liam neeson, who was laid off, was lured by the mysterious girl into a gambling conspiracy because of the pressure of life.

Liam neeson moved the wrench to rescue the commuter train.

Jaume serra, the director who has cooperated with liam neeson for four times, praised Uncle Liam’s performance. He recalled his experience in shooting The Commuter, saying, "Every day when shooting, I am like a child looking forward to a Christmas present, waiting for the performance surprise brought by Nelson. His style and his eyes, he can completely change and create new roles with various nuances."

Not only is it more interesting in acting, but the action scene of the film is also thrilling. In the closed tense and high-speed train space, liam neeson should not only race against time to crack the true identity of the man behind the scenes, but also use all props in the train to fight, constantly resolve the dangerous ambushes and rescue the passengers on the train. The gradual reversal of the plot and the rapid and sharp action scenes have all upgraded The Commuter’s performance and action scenes.

In addition to liam neeson, the film The Commuter also featured famous Hollywood movie stars Vera Farmiga, Patrick Wilson and sam neill, and was directed by NON-STOP’s Hollywood genius jaume serra. The film has been released in North America and is expected to be introduced to Chinese mainland in 2018.

When exploring the off-road capability of tank 300, let’s have a deep understanding of its unique drive system.

Officials claim that the tank 300 is equipped with three differential locks, but the key lies in its part-time 4wd design. In fact, because the front and rear axles are connected by hard connection in the four-wheel drive mode, in this case, we can’t simply think that the tank 300 has three independent locks. It essentially relies on two differential locks at the front and rear axles to provide torque distribution and stability.

Take tank 300 2023 2.0T fighters 02 as an example, this compact SUV is famous for its hard-core style and practical features. It has a body length of 4,730mm, a width of 2,020mm, a height of 1,947mm and a wheelbase of 2,750mm, providing passengers with spacious interior space. The curb weight is 2365kg, and it is equipped with a 2.0T turbocharged engine. The maximum power can reach 167kW, and the torque output is even more amazing, reaching 387Nm. With the 8-speed automatic manual transmission, this model can be used in off-road performance and daily driving.

In short, although the official propaganda mentioned three differential locks, in practice, the tank 300 mainly relies on the mechanical locking of its front and rear axles to deal with complex road conditions and provide excellent off-road experience.

　　CCTV News:From January to March this year, a total of 1,079 cases of "cracking down on pornography and illegal publications" were put on file nationwide, including more than 130 criminal cases and 541 internet-related cases.

　　According to the responsible comrades of the National Office for Combating Pornography and Illegal Publications, obscene and pornographic information is the focus of the current crackdown. In the first quarter, the department for combating pornography and illegal publications strictly cracked down on the dissemination of obscene and pornographic information through live webcasts, short videos, online literature, social groups, "two micro-ends" and other platforms, and resolutely investigated and dealt with a large number of cases of online pornography, pornography and pornography.

　　Six typical cases were reported by the national office of "eliminating pornography and illegal publications"

　　On April 18th, the national office of "eliminating pornography and illegal publications" selected six typical cases in the "net net" and "protecting seedlings" operation to make a report, expose relevant cases, deter criminals and alert industry operators and practitioners.

　　Typical case 1

　　Li Moumou, Chen Moumou and others in Lishui, Zhejiang Province made a case of spreading obscene articles for profit.

　　In April 2019, the Lishui City Task Force found out all the cases and successively arrested 8 suspects, including Li Moumou and Chen Moumou, the principals who directed and produced obscene videos; More than 100,000 obscene videos were seized, and the amount involved was more than 7 million yuan. The case was filed and investigated by the Economic Development Zone Branch of Lishui Public Security Bureau in November 2018 according to the report of the masses.

　　After investigation, from 2016 to 2017, Li Moumou and Chen Moumou filmed obscene videos for sale in the name of "Kuramoto C, underwear brother, 91 principal". Since October 2017, Li Moumou, Chen Moumou, Chen Mou, Lin Moumou and others have rented overseas servers and opened 91B1 obscene websites to make profits by selling members and recharging VIP. Zhao Moumou, Zhu Moumou and others filmed obscene videos for encryption, uploaded them to the network disk, and then sold them through the 91B1 website. In this case, more than 100,000 obscene videos were distributed, and more than 100,000 people were purchased, which were distributed in various places and overseas areas. At the end of 2018, the task force successively arrested four principals, including Li Moumou and Chen Moumou, in Guangdong and Hebei. Recently, the task force captured four people, including Zhao Moumou and Zhu Moumou, in Shandong, Hunan and Guangxi.

　　Typical case 2

　　Shenzhen, Guangdong "fast"Fairy "short video APP spreads obscene articles for profit.

　　In March 2019, Shenzhen Longgang Public Security Bureau detected the case, eradicated a large-scale pornographic short video platform, seized 110,000 obscene short videos, and criminally detained 26 people.

　　After investigation, the "Fast Fairy" APP claimed to be "adult version of Tik Tok". Since it was launched in October 2018, the page and browsing mode have all imitated "Tik Tok", but only obscene and pornographic short videos have been disseminated. Operators have also introduced incentives to reward users who upload obscene videos to the platform. As of the time of the incident, there are nearly 3 million registered users, and more than 1,000 users have uploaded obscene videos. Operating gangs have made a profit of over 10 million yuan by collecting advertising fees from gambling sites, participating in dividends, building their own gambling sites to manipulate gambling and harvesting gambling funds. On March 23rd, the police in Longgang, Shenzhen, closed the net in 15 cities across the country and arrested 26 suspects, including technology development, software operation and some active users who spread obscene videos. At present, the APP has been seized according to law, and the case is being further explored.

　　Typical case 3

　　Guangxi Guigang "June 29" spreading obscene articles for profit.

　　In February 2019, the case was transferred to the procuratorate for review and prosecution. In June 2018, the public security organs of Guigang City inspected and found that a netizen in the jurisdiction was suspected of spreading obscene video clues and filed a case for investigation.

　　After investigation, the above-mentioned netizens are the general agent and customer service of the "Pymai" obscene video website. The management team of the website has a clear division of labor and is well organized. The gang has more than 10 main members and more than 100 offline agents, involving 20 provinces in China and Malaysia, Singapore and other countries. Through the combination of website and WeChat group, the gang has developed more than 50,000 members, involving more than 13 million yuan. At the end of 2018, the task force launched a unified arrest operation, arresting 16 suspects one after another, and 14 people including Jia Mou were arrested according to law, detaining more than 50,000 pornographic videos stored in the server, and destroying 3 studios used to disseminate obscene pornographic information.

　　Typical case 4

　　Shanghai Changning "Cherry Live" APP Spreading Obscene Articles

　　In January 2019, the network inspection of Changning Branch of Shanghai Public Security Bureau found that there were some pornographic APPs in Apple’s mobile APP store, among which the "Cherry Live" app was the most popular.

　　After investigation, there are hundreds of female anchors in the APP engaged in obscene performances and spreading obscene videos, with tens of thousands of viewers and millions of funds involved. The task force of Changning Public Security Bureau went to Chongqing, Hunan, Guangdong and other places to arrest after a lot of work such as preliminary reconnaissance and fixed evidence. At present, 43 people involved in the case have been successfully arrested, all of whom have been criminally detained, and the case is under further investigation.

　　Typical case five

　　Ye Ji, Lu ‘an, Anhui Province "8 19" case of spreading obscene videos involving minors.

　　In March 2019, the case was prosecuted by the procuratorate. In August 2018, the public security organs of Lu’ an City found in their work that the website named "Zhengtai Community" disseminated obscene videos and pictures.

　　After investigation, the website was founded by Qi Moumou, the server is abroad, and there are more than 3,000 registered members. There are more than 2,000 obscene videos and more than 8,000 pictures on the website, some of which involve minors. The public security organs arrested three suspects, including Qi Moumou.

　　Typical case 6

　　Case of Spreading Child Pornography Video for Profit in "Mengmeizi" Forum in Liaocheng, Shandong Province

　　In August 2018, according to the clue that the national office of "eliminating pornography and illegal publications" was transferred, the public security organs in Liaocheng and yanggu county quickly launched investigations, cracked the case and arrested the main suspect Liu.

　　After investigation, since July 2017, Liu has rented an overseas server through a network technology company in Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, and established a "cute girl" forum to sell and disseminate child pornography videos. A total of more than 130,000 members have been developed, including more than 400 paid members, making a profit of more than 70,000 yuan. At present, the case has been handed over to the procuratorate for review and prosecution.

　　　　CCTV.com News: In response to an article published by the media recently that the bronze prize work "The Qinghai-Tibet Railway opens a life channel for wild animals" was fraudulent, CCTV International website interviewed the heads of relevant CCTV departments exclusively on February 16th.

Event playback

Alleged fake photo: "Qinghai-Tibet Railway opens up a life channel for wild animals"

Netizens pointed out that there are three frauds in the photo.

　　　　The person in charge said that The Annual Selection of CCTV Photo News Affecting 2006 was sponsored by CCTV, undertaken by China FotoPress, and sponsored by Xinhua Daily Telegraph, Workers Daily, China Youth Daily, Beijing Evening News and Xinmin Evening News. The jury consists of senior professionals such as China Photographers Association, Xinhua Daily Telegraph, Workers Daily, China Youth Daily, China Daily, People’s Photography, China News Weekly, China News Service, China Photography and Xinmin Evening News.

　　　　Among the seven selection rules announced to the public, the first one emphasizes that "all entries must conform to the recognized principle of authenticity in the photo contest." The original image shall not be changed for the entries. The organizer does not modify the participating works. " In view of the works submitted by professionals, the selection also clearly stipulates that "the entries must be original works shot after January 1, 2006 and published in domestic legal media." During this period, from thousands of published photos, the organizing committee of the selection activity finally selected ten photos with the first, second and third prizes after initial evaluation and re-evaluation. Liu Weiqiang, a reporter from Daqing Evening News, won the bronze prize for his news photo "Qinghai-Tibet Railway opens a life channel for wildlife" taken on June 23, 2006.

　　　　The person in charge said that the reason why the Qinghai-Tibet Railway opens a life channel for wild animals was selected was that the news picture had been published by Xinhua News Agency and other media; Second, the author himself thinks that the picture is original and meets the requirements of the selection rules. In view of whether the picture is original or not, the reporter also specially tuned the program materials of the award party at that time. The following is the dialogue between CCTV host Annabel Lee and Liu Weiqiang at the awarding ceremony-

　　　　Annabel Lee: First of all, congratulations to you, Liu Weiqiang. I also want to tell you that Liu Weiqiang got the news the latest among all our winners today. When did you get the news?

　　　　Liu Weiqiang: The day before.

　　　　Annabel Lee: I just found out the day before. Where were you when our staff called you?

　　　　Liu Weiqiang: In no man’s land, no man’s land in Hoh Xil.

　　　　Annabel Lee: So you’ve had a hard time getting here, haven’t you?

　　　　Liu Weiqiang: I didn’t plan to come here after I got the news, because it’s the mating season for Tibetan antelopes, and this moment is rare, but I think since I can be given a chance, I’ll get here anyway.

　　　　Annabel Lee: You think it’s an opportunity for Tibetan antelope to receive the prize.

　　　　Liu Weiqiang: I think so.

　　　　Annabel Lee: Look at this photo of you. What are the chances that you, the train and the Tibetan antelope will be in the same time and space in a no-man’s land at an altitude of four or five kilometers?

　　　　Liu Weiqiang: In the language of photography, this is a moment, very short, because the Tibetan antelope, a creature, is very timid by nature, and it has run away when people are far away. When I took this photo, I dug a bunker in front, which was more than half a meter deep. I was in the bunker and covered it with something, so the Tibetan antelope was lucky enough to rush to my camera from the opposite side. Actually, it was only a few seconds when the Tibetan antelope passed by, but I waited in the bunker for eight days.

　　　　Annabel Lee: Eight days?

　　　　Liu Weiqiang: Right.

　　　　Annabel Lee: Eight days. Does eight days mean eight days and nights? Eight 24 hours?

　　　　Liu Weiqiang: Almost eight 24 hours.

　　　　Annabel Lee: When you wait until the seventh day, how do you know that the sheep will definitely come on the eighth day? What should I do if I don’t come on the eighth day and the tenth day?

　　　　Liu Weiqiang: I will wait. In fact, I also know that even if I wait for eight days or even eighteen days, I may not be able to wait for this moment. But as a reporter, I should stick to it for a beautiful moment. I can wait, let alone eight days, eighteen days and twenty-eight days, because I have been shooting Tibetan antelopes since March.

　　　　Annabel Lee: Tibetan antelope is the subject of this group of photos. The place you chose, trains and tracks are very important subjects. What is the purpose of taking this photo here?

　　　　Liu Weiqiang: I want to show the harmony between Tibetan antelopes, trains, people and nature on July 1, 2006. I want to express it with one of my pictures, because the earth belongs to everyone, and the harmony between people and animals is what everyone expects.

　　　　Annabel Lee: Did you rush to our site to receive the prize? Will you go back immediately or go home to have a look?

　　　　Liu Weiqiang: I will fly back to Golmud on my plane tomorrow, because the mating season of Tibetan antelopes is very short. I have photographed all the four seasons of Tibetan antelopes in one year, except for the last scene of Tibetan antelopes’ love. I want to get it. At this time next year, I will call on 2.7 million Daqing people to donate money to Tibetan antelopes in China in the name of Daqing Evening News, as long as my picture can make everyone know more about Tibetan antelopes and Tibetan antelopes.

　　　　During the interview, the person in charge told reporters that CCTV attaches great importance to relevant media reports, and is closely monitoring the progress of the situation with the composition of the jury and professionals, and will make further responses and treatments based on the survey results.

Editor: Huo Junxia

There is an old saying in Chinese,

It’s called "no painting, no year"

In ancient times without cameras,

The beauty of Gusu City,

Are condensed in the Taohuawu woodblock New Year pictures.

Suzhou Taohuawu Woodblock New Year Pictures,

It is also called "Southern Peach and Northern Willow" with Tianjin Yangliuqing Woodblock New Year Pictures.

It originated from the engraving printing process in Song Dynasty.

In 2006, it was selected as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage.

Jiangnan’s delicate euphemism,

Nourishes the Taohuawu woodblock New Year pictures.

The artistic style of "Fine beautiful and elegant".

Jiachen the Year of the Loong,

Qiao Mai, Representative Inheritor of Taohuawu Woodblock New Year Pictures

"Cross-border" creation of the zodiac New Year picture "Hidden Dragon Garden".

She will C919, chip breakthrough and other elements.

Ingeniously integrated into the creation of New Year pictures.

Don’t use a hidden dragon, or jump in the deep,

It means that the long-accumulated energy is coming to generate.

"Love at first sight" more than 20 years ago,

The fate of Qiao Mai and Taohuawu woodblock New Year pictures was achieved.

She said that New Year pictures are a kaleidoscope of beautiful people.

It is also Chinese’s paper utopia.

Carrying our yearning for a better life.

Producer | Geng Zhimin

Producer | Peng Yiran

Master planner | Yu Tenglong

Director | Wang Shuaitian

Camera | Lai Jian Yan Dong

Editing | Wei Weicheng Wang Lian

Audio editing | Wang Anran

Vision | Wang Su

Animation | Zhou Wenlei

Overall planning | Yang Bo Liu Xiao Jin Yi Jie

Co-production | Li Jiabao, Gao Lei, Li Peng

Acknowledgement | Suzhou Public Cultural Center Jiangsu Education Channel of Suzhou gusu district Education, Sports and Cultural Tourism Committee

　　Under the background of the accelerated evolution and deep interaction of the "two overall situations", the new questions posed by China’s question, the question of the world, the question of the people and the question of the times are more complicated and more difficult than in the past, and we urgently need to submit answers from the combination of theory and practice.

　　"Look at how the villagers live after getting rid of poverty, what difficulties are there, and how to revitalize the countryside." On the first inspection trip after the victory of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader walked into the orchard of Nangou Village, Gao Qiao Town, Ansai District, Yan ‘an City, Shaanxi Province. After poverty alleviation, we will comprehensively promote rural revitalization, promote the common prosperity of all people after a comprehensive well-off society, and spread the picture of a better life in a broader space and time. This brings profound enlightenment: the examination papers of the times are always new, and it is urgent for us to be brave in combining new practices and constantly promote theoretical innovation, and be good at guiding new practices with new theories.

　　Thought is the forerunner of action, and theory is the guide of practice. The value of scientific theory lies in answering the topics of the times and promoting the development of practice. Not long ago, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee conducted the sixth collective study on opening up a new realm of Marxism’s China modernization. When presiding over the study, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "it is necessary to scientifically answer the new topics of the times in time" and stressed that "we should promote theoretical innovation on the basis of practice, rather than sitting in an ivory tower, and we must persist in discovering truth, developing truth, realizing truth and testing truth with practice".

　　Time is the mother of thought and practice is the source of theory. The source of a theory can only be rich and vivid real life, and the driving force can only be the realistic requirement of solving social contradictions and problems. From "the countryside surrounded the city and seized power by armed forces" in the bonfire era, to "only socialism can save China" in the construction period, and then to "development is the last word" in the spring tide of reform &hellip; &hellip; Practice has fully proved that all epoch-making theories are products that meet the needs of the times. Enrich yourself by constantly absorbing all outstanding cultural achievements in human history, and improve yourself by responding to new topics and developing new challenges of the times. Marxism will never end the truth, but will constantly open up the road to truth.

　　Since the new era, great changes have taken place in the world, in China and in the national rejuvenation. These unprecedented "big" factors have collided at high frequency and violently stirred up, and it is urgent to find an explanation and a method of governance. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader creatively put forward that "the most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, and the greatest advantage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership", emphasizing that "the development of the country and the nation should be based on its own strength, and the destiny of China’s development and progress should be firmly in its own hands", and clearly "stand on the right side of history and on the side of human civilization and progress" &hellip; &hellip; The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core insists on combining the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China and the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and applying dialectical materialism and historical materialism to correctly answer the major questions raised by the times and practice. Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, the supreme leader in the new era, was founded in the great practice of the new era, which realized the mutual promotion and common progress of theoretical innovation and practical innovation, and showed great truth power and practical power.

　　Only a political party with scientific theory has the power of truth; Only the cause guided by scientific theory has a bright future. Stabilizing the economy, promoting development, fighting poverty, building a well-off society, controlling epidemics, resisting catastrophes, coping with emergencies, and defusing crises, the most fundamental reason why the Party and the state can achieve historic achievements and make historic changes in the new era lies in the fact that the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader is at the helm as the core of the CPC Central Committee and the whole party, and in the scientific guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era. Truth can only be tested in practice, and truth can only be established in practice. History and reality have fully proved that the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is the theoretical crystallization from the great practice of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, the ideological banner that guides people’s happiness, national rejuvenation and world harmony, and the spiritual soul that unites the people of China to forge ahead with one heart and one mind.

　　There is no end to the development of practice, and there is no end to our understanding of truth and theoretical innovation. Under the background of the accelerated evolution and deep interaction of the "two overall situations", human society is facing many common problems that need to be solved urgently. China’s reform, development and stability, internal affairs, foreign affairs and national defense, and the administration of the party, country and army are also facing a series of new major issues. The new questions posed by China, the world, the people and the times are more complicated and more difficult than in the past, and we urgently need to submit answers from the combination of theory and practice.

　　The more active social practice is, the more ideological and theoretical generate is. In the new era and new journey, we must firmly establish a great historical view, grasp the development context and correct direction of world history with a broader vision and a longer-term vision, recognize the big logical trend of China’s social development and human social development, grasp the historical evolution and practical requirements of Chinese modernization, and deepen the regular understanding of promoting high-quality development and building a new development pattern in the new round of scientific and technological changes, the global economic development pattern and the staged characteristics of China’s development. Deepen the regular understanding of the Party’s self-revolutionary strategic thought in the comparison of the fate of Marxist political parties in the world and the realistic test faced by our Party in its long-term governance, comprehensively and systematically put forward scientific ideas and effective countermeasures to solve practical problems, so that contemporary China Marxism and 21st century Marxism can show stronger and more convincing truth power.

　　Advanced ideas always shine with extraordinary undertakings, and scientific theories always interact with great practice. At present, the theme education of studying and implementing the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is being carried out in a solid way throughout the Party. Rooted in the fertile soil of Chinese culture, maintaining and carrying forward the theoretical character of Marxist political parties advancing with the times, and bravely promoting theoretical and institutional innovations based on practice, the century-old party is like a towering tree, with deep roots and vigorous vitality. Standing at a new historical starting point, answering the topic of the times with "China’s Theory" and promoting "China’s Rule" with "China’s System", the road of Chinese modernization will surely become wider and wider.

　　The frequent emergence of antibiotic resistance challenges modern medicine. It is very important to discuss the evolution of resistance to curb its global spread. The evolution of resistance involves a highly complex phenotypic heterogeneous response. Under the treatment of antibiotics, a small number of antibiotic-tolerant cell subsets will appear in the microbial flora with identical genes. The surviving subgroup can’t grow in the presence of antibiotics, but it can grow again after removing antibiotics, resulting in long-term recurrent infection, which is also the key reservoir for subsequent mutation of resistance genes. However, due to the complex heterogeneous response and stagnant growth of tolerance subgroups, it is still a challenge to identify tolerance subgroups from a large number of bacterial populations and track their physiological evolution trajectory.　
　　Recently, the team of Academician Zhu Yongguan from the Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Cui Li’s research group published in German Applied Chemistry. A research paper entitled an isotope-labeled single-cell Raman spectroscopy approach for tracking the physiological evolution of bacteria towards biological resistance was published. In this study, the heterogeneity of bacterial response was analyzed in situ at a high-precision level by developing a combination of single-cell Raman-deuterium isotope-multivariate statistical analysis, and the differentiation and dynamic changes of phenotypic subsets were sensitively identified from a large number of bacterial populations, which realized the rapid in-situ tracking of bacterial phenotypic physiological trajectory before resistance mutation, providing important guidance for curbing resistance evolution.　
　　In this study, bacteria were repeatedly exposed to clinical therapeutic doses of antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance evolved. In this paper, the in-situ activity of bacteria during evolution was detected by Raman spectroscopy of single cells labeled with heavy water in a culture-independent way. The results showed that the activity of bacteria under antibiotic pressure gradually increased with the treatment cycle without resistance mutation, indicating that its phenotypic tolerance gradually improved. Furthermore, the study uses UMAP multivariate statistical algorithm to analyze the single cell Raman fingerprint interval of thousands of bacteria in all evolutionary stages. According to the physiological response of bacterial phenotype indicated by Raman fingerprint, four phenotypic subgroups differentiated with the evolution of resistance were identified from bacterial populations with identical initial genotypes, namely sensitive flora, primary tolerant bacteria, evolution tolerant bacteria and evolution resistant bacteria, and the dynamic changes of the four subgroups with the evolution process were sensitively captured. So far, based on the heterogeneous response of bacteria in situ phenotype revealed by single cell Raman, researchers have drawn a physiological trajectory map of resistance evolution. Genome-wide sequencing of bacteria verified the revealed phenotype interactively, and analyzed the genetic basis of phenotype. Phenotypic differentiation is very important to maintain the survival and evolution of the whole flora. Because phenotypic differentiation is much earlier than resistance mutation, identifying phenotypic differentiation is of great significance for guiding clinical medication and reducing the occurrence of antibiotic tolerance and resistance mutation. In this study, the Raman spectra of four distinct subgroups were used to dig out the Raman marker peaks of tolerance and resistance mutation, which promoted the rapid and accurate identification of different stages of resistance evolution, especially phenotypic tolerance.　
　　The single cell analysis platform can be extended to a wider range of research on the evolution of resistance induced by antibiotics or non-antibiotic chemicals. In the future, the single-cell Raman can be combined with targeted single-cell sorting and multi-omics technology to realize the accurate correlation between tolerance and resistance phenotype and genotype, and promote the further explanation of evolutionary mechanism. The research work is supported by the "0 to 1" original innovation project of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the innovative research group project of National Natural Science Foundation of China and Fujian Natural Science Foundation.　
　　Paper link　
　　Tracking the evolution of bacterial antibiotic resistance by single cell Raman-isotope labeling-multivariate statistical analysis