Why is it difficult to land the ＂near zero carbon＂ demonstration park？
There are many pain points during the landing of the "near zero carbon" demonstration park.
Recently, the construction of "near zero carbon" demonstration parks has been increased. The strategic cooperation agreement between Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province and China Nengjian recently mentioned the overall promotion of zero-carbon technology, low-carbon enterprises and near-zero carbon park construction; Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, the "14th Five-Year Plan" comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction pointed out that the demonstration project of near-zero carbon emission should be actively promoted; The implementation plans of Shanghai and Chongqing peak carbon dioxide emissions also proposed to build a near-zero carbon demonstration park.
Insiders pointed out that China has carried out the exploration of "near zero carbon" earlier, but there are many pain points in the process of landing the "near zero carbon" demonstration park.
Not a new concept
Chen Lin, a professor at the Institute of Low Carbon and Sustainable Development of Jinan University, pointed out that "near zero carbon" means near zero carbon, which is essentially close to carbon neutrality in a state, emphasizing the dynamic process of developing from low carbon to zero carbon. "
In fact, China put forward the concept of "near zero carbon" as early as 2015, and the "Proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" first proposed to "implement the demonstration project of near zero carbon emission zone"; In the 13th Five-Year Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions issued by the State Council in November, 2016, it was pointed out that the demonstration projects of near-zero carbon emission areas should be carried out in mature restricted development areas and prohibited development areas, ecological functional areas, industrial and mining areas and towns, and the construction objectives of near-zero carbon emission demonstration areas were further clarified, and it was put forward that "demonstration projects of near-zero carbon emission areas should be carried out, and 50 demonstration projects should be built by 2020". Since then, the concept of "near zero carbon" has been recognized and supported at the national level, and related explorations have been carried out in many places. At present, Guangdong, Hubei, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Tianjin, Sichuan and other places have formulated and issued pilot implementation plans for near zero carbon emissions.
Zhang Xinrong, a professor at the School of Engineering of Peking University and president of Beijing Energy Society, told the reporter that there is no unified standard and clear standard for "near zero carbon" parks or demonstration parks in the industry at present. "For example, how much carbon emissions should be less than to be considered near zero carbon? The concepts of’ near zero carbon’,’ zero carbon’ and’ ultra-net emissions’ are not clearly distinguished. "
"In this regard, at present, most people in the industry believe that the’ near zero carbon’ park should have these standards: first, the carbon emission intensity is not high, and it is significantly lower than the carbon dioxide emission of the unit industrial added value in the region; Secondly, the total amount of carbon emissions is small, the development trend is decoupled from carbon emissions, the energy utilization efficiency is high, the industrial structure and energy consumption structure are excellent, it is easy to promote low-carbon technologies, and the technical measures in energy, construction, transportation, waste treatment, ecology and other fields are integrated; Finally, the carbon emission management system is perfect. " Chen Lin said.
There are misunderstandings in implementation
The reporter learned that building a "near-zero carbon" demonstration park, taking the lead in realizing zero carbon and setting a development benchmark is of great significance for the region to implement the "double carbon" strategy and achieve high-quality development. At the same time, however, the overall framework, realization path and institutional mechanism of the "near zero carbon" demonstration park are not mature. Although China put forward related concepts earlier, few projects have matured.
"Building a’ near-zero carbon’ park will further help build a new power system. The key to building a new power system lies in the supply of high proportion of green energy, the stable operation of power grid and the competitive advantage of electricity price. The’ near-zero-carbon’ park has a zero-carbon energy supply system, and the combination of wind and solar hydrogen storage and smart grid can provide zero-carbon energy for the park. In addition, the park can form a clean, stable and efficient new power system to ensure the stability of the power grid. " Chen Lin pointed out.
However, in the specific practice and landing process, many park projects have misunderstandings about "near zero carbon".Zhang Xinrong pointed out that social energy consumption generally includes electricity, refrigeration, heating and power, and a mature "near-zero-carbon" park should make the whole system low-carbon and clean."If a park only uses green electricity as the driving power supply, it cannot be called a real’ near-zero carbon’ park.For example, some parks use photovoltaic as power supply, but still use boilers as heating means, which has not really achieved the goal."
As far as the power grid is concerned, Guo Yafang, general manager of Energy Rubik’s Cube (Shanghai) Data Technology Co., Ltd. believes that the key issue of "near zero carbon" park is to achieve "balance". "As a park, the energy sources and means are limited, so it is more complicated and difficult to balance the load of the source network. The simplest means of balance is through the power grid, but there are also problems in it. For example, the park once sent green electricity to the internet, and then used it once through the big power grid. Is this section of electricity zero? If the power in the park is used spontaneously and matched with energy storage, the cost will be particularly high. Therefore, the relevant balance management and calculation framework needs to be clarified, and grid coordination is also needed. "
Need comprehensive policy
Therefore, Zhang Xinrong emphasized that from an industrial perspective,It is necessary to build new technologies and emerging industries through the "near-zero carbon" demonstration park, rather than expanding the scale of traditional industries."This requires the coordinated policy of the whole industry chain such as policy planning, scientific research institutions, emerging equipment manufacturing enterprises and design units."
Chen Lin also pointed out that,It is necessary to strengthen top-level guidance and speed up the introduction of the implementation plan for near-zero carbon parks."Considering the diverse types of parks, it is suggested that the parks be divided into three types: comprehensive parks, high-energy parks and low-energy parks, and classified and guided respectively. If the evaluation index system is formulated by classification, on the one hand, the index system should reflect the development direction and focus of different types of parks, on the other hand, it should reflect the work orientation that the pilot focuses on’ trial’ and experience promotion. "In addition, it is necessary to combine the construction of demonstration projects in near-zero carbon emission areas with local economic and social development, and form new green and low-carbon growth points and new kinetic energy through project driving to achieve a win-win situation for carbon emission control and economic development. Establish an inter-departmental coordination mechanism to promote the participation of relevant departments such as finance, taxation, finance, land, planning, science and technology, industry, and ecological environment to form a policy synergy and introduce a’ policy package’ for the construction of demonstration projects in near-zero carbon emission areas. "
Guo Yafang believes that it is necessary to establish a management and statistical evaluation mechanism for carbon emissions in the "near-zero carbon" demonstration park, such as timely following up the construction of pilot projects and effectively supervising the implementation of the pilot construction of near-zero carbon emissions. And further deepen the reform of electricity marketization and promote the development of partition sales.
Text | Our reporter Yang Xiaotong