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　　CCTV News:According to the website of National Health Commission, recently, National Health Commission issued a notice on printing and distributing the implementation guide for all novel coronavirus nucleic acid testing organizations (second edition). The full text is as follows:

　　All provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps should respond to the joint prevention and control mechanism of COVID-19 epidemic (leading group and headquarters):

　　In order to effectively cope with the possible epidemic situation caused by Delta mutant in Covid-19 and further improve the implementation ability of nucleic acid testing organization for all employees, we organized experts to revise the Implementation Guide for Nucleic Acid Testing Organization for All Employees in novel coronavirus (Second Edition) based on the previous work practice, and formed the Implementation Guide for Nucleic Acid Testing Organization for All Employees in novel coronavirus (which can be downloaded from the "Medical Administration" section of the website of the National Health and Wellness Commission). Is issued to you, please refer to the implementation.

　　The State Council responds to novel coronavirus.

　　Comprehensive group of epidemic prevention and control mechanism

　　September 8, 2021

　　Guidelines for the Organization and Implementation of novel coronavirus Nucleic Acid Detection for All Staff (Second Edition)

　　Nucleic acid detection is an important means of infection prevention and control in novel coronavirus (hereinafter referred to as Covid-19). In order to guide all localities to do a good job in the preparatory work for Covid-19 nucleic acid detection in large-scale population, ensure the completion of all the nucleic acid detection tasks within the designated area with good quality and quantity within the specified time, and realize "early detection, early isolation, early diagnosis and early treatment", this guide is formulated.

　　I. General requirements

　　Actively respond to the epidemic situation in COVID-19, quickly and efficiently control the epidemic situation, standardize the organization, sampling, testing and reporting of all employees’ nucleic acid testing, and co-ordinate the deployment of nucleic acid testing resources to improve the quality of nucleic acid testing.Cities with a population of less than 5 million should complete the task of nucleic acid detection for all staff within 2 days, and if necessary, they can make overall protection within provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). Cities with a population of more than 5 million shall complete the task of nucleic acid detection for all staff within 3 days, and may apply for national support if necessary.

　　Second, organize the implementation

　　(a) the party committee and government take overall responsibility. Party committees and governments at all levels take the overall responsibility for the nucleic acid detection work of all staff, coordinate all relevant departments at all levels, coordinate in many ways, and manage in a flat way.

　　(2) Establish an organizational mechanism. Districts and cities are required to set up a nucleic acid detection working group under the local joint prevention and control mechanism, led by the Standing Committee of the Municipal Party Committee, and organize relevant departments such as health, public security, civil affairs, transportation, finance, industry and information technology, publicity, etc., to establish a flat working mechanism, which will be urgently activated in case of epidemic, and coordinate the nucleic acid detection work as a whole. Take residential buildings, natural village groups, schools, institutions, enterprises, companies, markets, hotels, etc. as the smallest units to achieve full coverage and no omissions. Do a good job in the unified purchase and deployment of nucleic acid testing materials for all staff.

　　(3) Formulating a work plan. City, county (city, district) to develop an operable large-scale nucleic acid detection work plan, combining emergency with emergency, and timely carry out early warning screening drills.

　　(four) the formation of the work force.

　　1. Set up teams of nucleic acid sampling, sample delivery, nucleic acid detection, technical support of information platform and corresponding emergency response at all levels, and define the area of responsibility for sampling and detection. When all the people in the province start nucleic acid detection, they can immediately put into work. All emergency teams are guaranteed to be on standby 24 hours a day and make all preparations for starting at any time.

　　2. Set up a nucleic acid sampling supervision team to guide each sampling point in the form of piecemeal contract, standardize sampling, personal protection and cross-infection prevention and control, find and solve problems in time, and ensure high quality and efficiency of sampling.

　　3. Set up a nucleic acid detection supervision team, organize clinical laboratory experts to establish a patrol and supervision mechanism, conduct inspections of laboratories, and supervise third-party nucleic acid detection institutions.

　　4. Set up a special data class to manage nucleic acid detection information in a unified way, determine the flow of nucleic acid detection information, and collect, count and report it by special personnel to improve the efficiency and accuracy of information flow.

　　(5) Overall allocation of resources. Establish a support mechanism for nucleic acid sampling and testing areas in the province, dynamically and comprehensively grasp the basic situation and daily (24-hour) testing capacity of various nucleic acid testing institutions around the country, and make scientific and reasonable deployment according to the needs of the starting place for all nucleic acid testing. When necessary, apply for support from the State Council joint defense and control mechanism.

　　(six) to formulate emergency plans. Each township and community shall set up a special work class, with sufficient staff, comprehensively find out and dynamically grasp the base number of all members of the grid, do a good job in reasonable planning and material preparation of sampling sites, and make clear the layout and staffing of sampling points. Make an emergency plan and conduct drills regularly to ensure that once it is started, it can be quickly organized and carried out on-site sampling in an orderly manner.

　　Third, work preparation

　　(a) to find out the base and establish a ledger. Based on the public security household registration and census data, all districts and cities should pre-register the actual population base and distribution of streets (towns), communities and communities within their respective jurisdictions by means of informationization, and accurately grasp the situation of special populations, the ability of testing institutions, the reserve of nucleic acid testing materials, regional sampling and testing teams, sample delivery personnel and vehicle demand. Establish a work ledger, formulate a clear timetable and road map, and timely check and fill the gaps according to the amount of nucleic acid detection tasks and the existing reserves, so as to ensure that all staff will carry out nucleic acid detection in time when there is an outbreak.

　　(2) Implement the detection capability. Health administrative departments at all levels should master the local medical institutions, CDC and the third-party nucleic acid detection forces that can be quickly mobilized, and do a good job in the reserve of nucleic acid detection capabilities. When an epidemic occurs, the nucleic acid detection force equivalent to 10%-15% of the actual management population can be quickly dispatched to meet the needs of large-scale nucleic acid detection in the whole region.

　　(3) Scientific analysis and accurate screening. According to the epidemic spread trend, taking risk as the guide, the scope of nucleic acid detection is accurately defined and the nucleic acid detection strategy is determined.

　　1. Determine the nucleic acid detection strategy. According to the epidemic spread trend, strengthen research and judgment, scientifically delimit risk areas and dynamically adjust them at the first time. In the early stage of the epidemic, at least three rounds of full-scale nucleic acid testing should be carried out in the case of unknown risk sources; After that, the scope and frequency of subsequent detection were determined according to the comprehensive judgment of the traceability of flow regulation, the scope of community control and the results of nucleic acid detection. In principle, quarantine points and streets or communities where cases have occurred in the last three rounds of nucleic acid testing should be inspected once a day, streets or communities where cases have occurred within 14 days but no cases have occurred in the last three rounds of nucleic acid testing should be inspected every other day, and areas where cases have not occurred within 14 days can be inspected every five days.

　　2. Determine the sampling method. According to the control measures taken by the target population, the sampling method should be determined. Isolation points and other key populations should adopt single sampling and single inspection, with one household and one tube in the closed community (closed to households), and other areas should adopt 5-mixed 1 or 10-mixed 1 to carry out testing according to the actual situation.

　　(4) reasonable dicing and scientific layout. All localities should comprehensively consider the population, geographical transportation, distribution of nucleic acid detection institutions, etc., and plan the layout of sampling points in advance under the guidance of professional departments. The sampling stations should not share the same tent or the same space.

　　1. All localities should comprehensively plan the layout of sampling points according to the population, geographical traffic and the distribution of nucleic acid detection institutions.Reference every 1000-1500 people to set up a sampling point, 500-1000 people to set up a sampling station (all localities can set up according to the actual population of communities, streets, towns, rural areas and suburbs), and in principle, set up sampling points in units of communities.

　　2. Sampling points should be standardized and put into use within 4-6 hours. On the basis of fixed sampling points, grid management mode should be adopted, with community sampling as the main mode, and the layout should be refined and improved by entering schools, enterprises and units, so as to facilitate citizens’ sampling and improve sampling efficiency. Vulnerable groups such as the elderly over 60, pregnant women and the disabled should set up green channels for independent sampling.

　　(five) to strengthen information technology, do a good job of dynamic matching of mining, delivery and inspection.

　　1. Establish a nucleic acid detection information system. All provinces shall co-ordinate the establishment of a nucleic acid detection information system, so as to quickly input information, including the information of the examinee (name, certificate type, certificate number, residential address and telephone number) and sampling information (name of sampling point, district (county), sample number, date and time of sample collection, collection location, type and quantity), and quickly feed back the information of the examinee suspected to be positive. Realize the rapid, accurate and real-time monitoring of information collected, sent, tested and reported in nucleic acid detection, and achieve the whole process management of nucleic acid detection. Before the information system is put into use, stress tests should be conducted in advance according to 30% of the actual population under management to ensure the stability of the information system.

　　2. Do a good job of matching collection, delivery and inspection. Before starting large-scale nucleic acid detection, the matching of collection, delivery and detection should be done well in advance, and dynamic scheduling should be carried out. According to the set sampling ability of sampling points and the actual testing ability of each testing institution, the matching and preparation of dicing sampling and sample delivery should be done in advance. According to the detection progress and rhythm of nucleic acid detection laboratory, samples are sent in batches and dynamically scheduled to make full use of detection capacity and improve detection efficiency.

　　(6) Fully staffed and provided with sufficient materials.

　　1. Prepare sampling medical personnel and information entry personnel in advance, and carry out relevant training. Each sampling station shall include one sampling staff and one information entry staff. Calculate according to the sample of 100-150 people collected by each sampling station every hour, reasonably evaluate the workload and allocate personnel. Sampling medical staff should be familiar with the collection methods of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, and carry out strict training on sensory control. Information collectors should be familiar with the operation process of information system and carry out relevant sensing and control training.

　　2. In accordance with the principle of "rather prepare than use, not available and not prepared", on the basis of fully considering the special weather conditions such as rain, snow, low temperature and high fever, according to the layout of sampling points, arrange material reserves or establish an effective calling mechanism at the sampling points in list and ledger, and keep them nearby to ensure that sampling tubes (single sampling, 5 mixing, 10 mixing) and throat swabs (nasopharyngeal swabs) are used in large-scale nucleic acid detection. The medical consumables required for sampling shall be stored locally according to the local population, and the cities and counties shall uniformly dispatch them.

　　Fourth, the work content

　　(1) Improve information registration. In the preparation stage of the whole staff’s nucleic acid testing, the community (village) is taken as the work unit, and the sampling information of residents within the jurisdiction is collected and registered in advance through various ways, including at least the residents’ names, ID numbers, home addresses (specifically to house numbers) and contact numbers. At the same time, we must do a good job in protecting residents’ information security.

　　(2) Standardize the setting of sampling points. A sampling point can be composed of multiple sampling stations, and a sampling station should include sampling personnel, information collectors, volunteers and other related staff and related necessary materials.

　　1. Personnel preparation.

　　(1) It is necessary to compact the responsibilities of the four parties, scientifically divide the grid, standardize the organizational process, and take residential buildings, natural village groups, schools, institutions, enterprises, companies, markets, hotels, etc. as the smallest units, so as not to lack households and people. Fine organization and management, strictly implement the "1 meter" interval requirements, ensure that residents queue for no more than 30 minutes, prevent people from gathering and avoid cross-infection.

　　(2) Each sampling station shall be equipped with 1-2 sampling personnel. Arrange the rotation of sampling personnel reasonably, and take a rest every 2-4 hours in principle.

　　2. Space preparation. The sampling point should be an independent space with ventilation conditions, and the interior should be divided into corresponding clean areas and polluted areas, equipped with hand hygiene facilities or devices. The sampling points shall be clearly marked, and the sampling process and matters needing attention shall be defined. Set up an independent waiting area to ensure one-way flow of personnel. The sampling point shall not be set in the same place as the vaccination point in Covid-19.

　　3. Material preparation.

　　(1) Basic facilities: tents, tables, chairs or stools and other necessary materials to ensure the smooth development of sampling work.

　　(2) Sampling materials: special sampling swabs, qualified collection tubes, enough test racks, transport vehicles and transport boxes (Class B packaging) and protective materials for sampling personnel.

　　(3) Information collection system: All localities should establish a special information collection system to improve sampling efficiency, strengthen information management of nucleic acid sampling, and avoid manual reporting.

　　4. Collection method. According to the "Notice on Printing and Distributing the Manual of novel coronavirus Nucleic Acid Detection in Medical Institutions (Trial Second Edition)" (No.313 [2020] of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism).

　　5. Relevant requirements.

　　(1) Personnel requirements. Personnel engaged in the collection of nucleic acid samples in Covid-19 should be doctors or nurses, be familiar with the sample types and collection methods, master the operation procedures and precautions of sample collection, and record the sample information well to ensure that the sample quality meets the requirements and the samples and related information can be traced back. Sampling and Covid-19 vaccination personnel cannot be the same staff. Covid-19 vaccine cannot be inoculated 48 hours before sampling.

　　(2) Requirements for collection tubes. The pipe cap and pipe body should be made of polypropylene, the spiral opening can be sealed, the tightness is moderate, the cover has a gasket and is resistant to freezing. The tube is transparent and has good visibility. The outer diameter of the test tube is (14.8 0.2) mm× (100.5 0.4) mm, the outer cap is (15.8±0.15)mm and the height is (12.5 0.5) mm.. The capacity enterprise calibrates 10mL, which contains 3mL (single mining and 5-in-1 mixed mining) or 6mL(10-in-1 mixed mining) of guanidine salt (guanidine isothiocyanate or guanidine hydrochloride, etc.) or other effective virus inactivators, and the sampling tube containing guanidine salt is preferred. The preservation solution should have a color (such as pink) that is easy to observe and identify, and maintain a certain fluidity to facilitate sampling.

　　(3) Requirements for swab collection. It is advisable to use non-cotton and non-calcium alginate swabs such as polyester and nylon, and the handle is made of non-wood materials. The breaking point is located about 3cm from the top of the swab head, which is easy to break.

　　(4) Requirements for protective equipment of sampling personnel. According to the "Notice on Printing and Distributing the Manual of novel coronavirus Nucleic Acid Detection in Medical Institutions (Trial Second Edition)" (No.313 [2020] of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism).

　　(5) Information collection requirements. Before sample collection, the sampling personnel shall check the identity information of the client.

　　(3) Proportion of sampling personnel. When the sampling point needs to register information manually for some reason, the ratio of sampling staff, service support personnel and personnel to be inspected is 1:4:100, that is, for every 100 personnel to be inspected, one group of sampling staff and four service support personnel are required. When information is registered at the sampling point by means of information scanning code, the ratio of sampling staff, service support staff and personnel to be inspected is 1:3:130.

　　(4) sample preservation and transshipment. Nucleic acid test samples should be kept at low temperature (2-8℃), equipped with enough vehicles and professionals, and in principle, samples should be collected every 2 hours for transshipment to ensure that the samples are delivered to the laboratory within 4 hours after collection. Non-inactivated samples are packaged in PI602 according to Class A infectious substances of UN2814 in WHO’s Guidelines for the Transport of Infectious Substances, and inactivated samples are packaged in PI650 according to Class B infectious substances of UN3373. Before the sample transfer box is closed, the surface of the container must be disinfected with 75% alcohol or 0.2% chlorine-containing disinfectant.

　　Nucleic acid detection working group should accurately grasp the sampling situation and detection ability, accurately match the sampling quantity, and be equipped with enough vehicles and professionals to ensure that the samples are transported by special vehicles. In the whole staff nucleic acid detection work, the vehicle undertaking the transshipment task shall file the transshipment scope, transshipment route, transshipment starting point and destination with the health administrative department for the record. Vehicles shall not be used for other purposes during the transshipment task, and biological safety protection shall be done during transshipment. It is necessary to coordinate public security, transportation and other departments to do a good job in transportation safety guarantee according to actual needs.

　　If the samples need to be sent to other provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) for testing, the provincial health administrative department shall apply to the National Health and Health Commission and implement them according to the reply.

　　(5) Standardize sample reception. The laboratory has established a professional team for sample receiving, formulated a scientific, standardized and efficient sample receiving process, and conducted training.

　　(six) to ensure the testing ability and quality. Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should strengthen overall planning, do a good job in measuring and equipping personnel and instruments according to the actual situation of population and distribution of medical resources, and on this basis, increase the allocation of personnel and equipment by 20% as the detection capacity reserve, and guide the municipal people’s government in the mainland to formulate the time limit for completing the full detection task and the sampling strategy.10,000 tubes are tested daily (10,000 for single tube, 50,000 for 5-mixed 1 and 100,000 for 10-mixed 1).The detection capabilities to be prepared are as follows:

　　1. Detection personnel and equipment: 24-25 Covid-19 nucleic acid detection personnel, 15 related auxiliary personnel, 4-6 96-well nucleic acid extraction instruments, 10-12 96-well PCR amplification instruments, and 4 A2 double biosafety cabinets. Eight-channel pipettes, plate centrifuges, and vortex mixer are used together.

　　2. Testing reagents and consumables: prepare corresponding quantities of reagents according to mixed mining or single mining. In addition to conventional detection reagents, 1-2 other reagents with higher sensitivity and different amplification targets from conventional detection should be prepared for the result review. Equipped with a corresponding number of consumables, such as PCR amplification plate, extended suction head with filter element, test tube rack, etc.

　　3. Protective equipment: medical protective mask (head-mounted), isolation gown or protective clothing, powder-free latex gloves, shoe covers, protective screen or goggles, hat, hand sanitizer, etc., and the dosage is 2-3 days per person per day. Different types of protective equipment should be configured according to the body type of personnel.

　　4. Relevant requirements:

　　(1) Personnel requirements. In accordance with the "Covid-19 nucleic acid detection manual of medical institutions (Trial Second Edition)" related requirements.

　　(2) Requirements for extraction instrument and amplification instrument. If a nucleic acid extractor is used, the nucleic acid extraction reagent should be used together with the nucleic acid extractor, and the nucleic acid extraction reagent and the amplification instrument specified by the amplification test kit should be selected. All equipment shall undergo necessary verification/calibration, and the procedure documents for the use, maintenance, verification and calibration of instruments and equipment shall be established and strictly implemented according to the procedure documents.

　　(3) Reagent requirements. The reagent should be matched with the testing instrument. It is recommended to use a reagent containing at least the gene regions of Covid-19’s 1ab(openreadingframe1ab (ORF1ab) and nucleocapsidprotein (N). The amplification kit shall be a kit with registration number approved by National Medical Products Administration. It is suggested to choose a detection kit with low detection limit and high sensitivity (detection limit ≤ 500 copies /mL). All reagents should be properly preserved in strict accordance with the requirements and conditions, and used within the validity period.

　　(seven) standardized testing and timely reporting of results.

　　1. Sample testing. After receiving the samples, the laboratory shall immediately carry out testing. Before detection, full shaking elution was carried out, and then nucleic acid extraction and amplification experiments were carried out.

　　2. Quality control. Performance verification, indoor quality control, and ventricular interstitial rating shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant requirements of the Manual for Nucleic Acid Detection in Covid-19 of Medical Institutions (Trial Second Edition).

　　3. Test report. The qualitative detection report of nucleic acid in Covid-19 should include the detection results (detected/positive, undetected/negative), methodology and detection limit, detection time, etc. According to the instructions of the amplification reagents used, it is judged that the detection result is undetected/negative or detected/positive.

　　4. Clear time limit. The test results shall be reported in a timely manner, 6 hours for key people in key areas and 12 hours for other people, and in principle, it shall not exceed 24 hours.

　　(eight) standardize the disposal procedures of positive case reports.

　　1. The processing flow of positive detection of apheresis. When the test result of single sampling is positive, the testing institution shall immediately report it to the nucleic acid testing working group, and the working group will also push two pieces of information (basic information of positive infected persons and positive report of nucleic acid testing) to six departments. First, inform 120 negative pressure ambulance to transport positive infected persons. The second is to inform the designated medical institutions to prepare to receive the positive infected person. The third is to inform the community (community) where the positive infected person is located to confirm and control the positive infected person and the people who live with him (close contact). The fourth is to inform the public security organs to assist in the transfer of positive infected persons and carry out the trajectory investigation of the positive infected persons. The fifth is to inform the CDC to carry out the work of flow adjustment, close contact investigation, research and judgment on the scope of community closure control, and terminal disinfection of epidemic spots. The sixth is to inform the epidemic prevention and control headquarters. The above six departments push at the same time, in no particular order.

　　2. Mixed mining detection positive disposal process. Each city has set up an emergency sampling team, which is on standby 24 hours a day to make all preparations for departure at any time. When the mixed sampling test is positive, the testing institution shall immediately report it to the local nucleic acid testing working group, and the working group shall also notify the emergency sampling team, the community (community) where the mixed sampling sample is located and the public security organ to immediately isolate the people involved in the case in situ and review the single sampling. The first inspection responsibility system is adopted, and the rechecked samples are sent to the original laboratory for testing. If the recheck result of single mining is positive, it shall be handled according to the disposal process of single mining detection, and the detection of mixed positive single mining shall be completed within 6 hours (see Figure 1 for details).

　　Fig. 1 positive disposal process of mixed mining

　　 3. Emergency safeguard measures. All districts and counties set up emergency teams according to the actual situation, and re-examine the positive results of mixed mining in time. The emergency sampling team shall be composed of sampling personnel, information collectors and drivers, and equipped with vehicles. Public security, community (village Committee) and other relevant personnel shall cooperate with emergency sampling personnel to take samples at home, adopt nasopharyngeal swab method, and send the samples to the original testing institution for testing.

　　(9) Checking and pushing information. Compare the inspected personnel with the population base, organize supplementary inspection to ensure that no one is missed, and form a closed loop of work. Provide a way to query the test results, which is convenient for the public to know and apply the results.

　　(10) Medical waste treatment. Medical wastes are generated in all aspects of nucleic acid detection. Do a good job in the collection, packaging, harmless treatment, temporary storage, handover and transfer of medical wastes. Use double-layer packaging bags to contain medical wastes and seal them effectively, so as to ensure that the sealing is tight and the packaging of medical wastes is not damaged or leaked.

　　1. Basic requirements. Covid-19 sample collection sites and laboratories carrying out nucleic acid detection shall formulate medical waste disposal procedures. All medical wastes must be labeled in accordance with unified and standardized containers and labeling methods, and the contents of the wastes must be labeled completely and in compliance. Medical waste should be treated by trained personnel using personal protective equipment and equipment.

　　2. Treatment measures of medical waste. The treatment of medical waste is the key link to control the biological safety of collection sites and testing laboratories. We must fully grasp the relevant classification related to biological safety and strictly implement the corresponding treatment procedures.

　　(1) In the sampling site, a medical waste collection device should be set up, so that it can be cleaned up and transported in time, and the site should be disinfected regularly to prevent environmental pollution. Organized by each street (township), with 3-5 people in each sampling place, responsible for terminal disinfection and medical waste transfer in the sampling place.

　　(2) The treatment of laboratory waste liquid and solid waste shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant requirements of the Manual for Nucleic Acid Detection in Covid-19 of Medical Institutions (Trial Second Edition).

　　(3) After the sample testing is completed, all samples and medical wastes shall be collected and treated as infectious wastes.

　　(4) After the gene amplification test, the reaction tube should not be opened after amplification, but should be sealed once with a sealed bag before being put into a garbage bag, and the mouth of the bag should be sealed, so as not to be sterilized by high-pressure steam, and then be transferred out of the laboratory for treatment as medical waste.

　　(5) Every time the laboratory is exposed to high pressure, it is necessary to verify the disinfection effect by chemical method and keep the disinfection and verification records. According to the biological risk assessment, the biological monitoring of autoclaving effect can be carried out once a month or quarterly according to the operation requirements.

　　3. Medical waste removal.

　　(1) Determine the management unit. Nucleic acid testing institutions can independently choose centralized medical waste disposal units with corresponding qualifications to undertake the tasks of medical waste removal and harmless disposal. When the surge of nucleic acid detection tasks leads to the contradiction between the transportation capacity of medical waste and the amount of waste produced, the local ecological and environmental department can rationally allocate the collection and transportation tasks according to the current collection and transportation route of the centralized medical waste disposal units in the jurisdiction and the principle of convenience nearby, so as to improve the collection and transportation efficiency.

　　(2) The nucleic acid testing institution shall negotiate and sign a service contract with the centralized medical waste disposal unit, and the service price shall be guided by the development and reform department. If it fails to sign a contract with the centralized medical waste disposal unit, the local ecological and environmental department shall designate the centralized medical waste disposal unit to be responsible for the collection and transportation of medical waste and sign a contract with the nucleic acid testing institution.

　　(3) Ensure timely removal. Nucleic acid detection institutions should make an appointment with the collection and transportation unit for removal time according to the storage situation of medical wastes in temporary storage places, and the removal should avoid strong winds and thunderstorms. Collection and transportation units should optimize the dispatching of transport vehicles, rationally arrange the collection and transportation routes, and do a good job in ensuring the removal and transportation of medical wastes. According to the situation of epidemic prevention and control, when a large number of nucleic acid detection tasks are added, the frequency of removal should be appropriately increased. The temporary storage time of medical wastes in nucleic acid testing institutions shall not exceed 2 days.

　　(4) Strengthen the removal protection. Nucleic acid testing institutions should designate special channels for medical waste handling and use special cargo (building) ladders. Medical waste removal personnel should do personal protection (wear work clothes before handling ordinary medical waste and protective clothing before handling medical waste related to epidemic situation), and wear protective equipment such as protective masks and gloves correctly, and try to avoid contact with other staff during handling. The medical waste removal personnel shall deliver the medical waste to the designated place along the special passage according to the agreed time, and shall ensure that the medical waste does not fall to the ground, and shall not discard or omit the medical waste. It is necessary to clearly inform whether this batch of medical waste belongs to "epidemic-related medical waste" during the transfer process.

　　After each medical waste removal work, the protective equipment of the removal personnel shall be disinfected and managed according to the medical waste, and the contact parts of the removal personnel such as door handles, the environment of the transfer area (such as the special handling passage, the goods (building) ladder, the empty place of the temporary storage place), facilities, transfer vehicles and containers shall be fully disinfected.

　　(5) Implement the system of ledger and joint receipt. Nucleic acid detection institutions (laboratories) should establish a medical waste management ledger system, timely register the output, removal amount and removal unit of medical waste, and keep the registration data for at least 3 years. When transferring medical wastes, the Joint List of Medical Waste Transfer shall be filled in and filed for future reference as required.

　　Five, nucleic acid testing support team related requirements

　　The party committees and governments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) may set up at least 10 nucleic acid detection support teams according to the situation of their own provinces, and each nucleic acid detection team reserves relevant materials according to the daily detection capacity of 10,000 tubes.To undertake the task of supporting the full-time inspection in the region or other provinces. The materials required by the nucleic acid testing support team shall be equipped separately, and shall not occupy the material reserves of the units dispatched by the nucleic acid testing support team. Party committees and governments of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) can give priority to the national public testing laboratories and urban nucleic acid testing bases as nucleic acid testing support teams according to the deployment of the joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council, and on this basis, build other nucleic acid testing support teams according to actual needs.

　　Each nucleic acid detection support team shall be equipped with at least the following personnel and materials:

　　(1) personnel.

　　1. quantity. 24-32 people (based on four shifts, 6-8 people in each shift, 15 auxiliary personnel, and the detection capacity is 10,000 tubes /24 hours).

　　2. Basic requirements. Working in medical institutions and third-party testing institutions, with clinical gene amplification laboratory post training certificate, unlimited title, more than 2 years of experience in pathogen nucleic acid amplification testing, and Covid-19 nucleic acid testing experience, in good health. One of them is a team leader, who requires team management experience, good comprehensive quality and strong leadership, organization, coordination and communication skills. 1 assistant to the team leader (also liaison officer and mobile detection). At least 1-2 team members have the ability of instrument installation and debugging, maintenance and calibration and information network debugging. At least 4-6 personnel familiar with the quality control of nucleic acid detection and the analysis and reporting of test results. At least one team member has the knowledge and ability of laboratory biosafety risk assessment and taking corresponding protective measures. At least one team member has been trained and qualified in the use of autoclaved containers.

　　(2) Instruments and equipment. The packaging of instruments and equipment shall be durable and reusable, so as to prepare for multiple packaging and transportation of instruments and equipment.

　　1. Nucleic acid extractor (96 wells): 6 sets.

　　2. Fluorescent PCR Amplifier (96 wells): 12 sets.

　　3. Micro-adjustable sampler: single channel (1-10μ L、5-50μ L、10-200μ L、200-1000μ L)4-5 sets; 8 channels, 3-4 branches.

　　4. Auxiliary equipment: 2-3 single-tube palm centrifuges; 8 2-3 sets of header and/or 96-well plate centrifuges respectively; 2-3 small vortex mixers; 1-2 multi-tube vortex mixers (used for the whole plate vibration mixing of sampling tubes); 5 sampler racks; A2 type biological safety cabinets for two persons, 4.

　　5. Instrument spare parts: a certain number of easily worn parts such as magnetic rods, fuses, light bulbs, etc.

　　(3) reagents.

　　1. Nucleic acid extraction reagent. It can be used for testing 20,000-30,000 samples. The nucleic acid extraction reagent should be matched with the nucleic acid extraction instrument.

　　2. Amplification of detection reagents. At least two kinds, one of which should be matched with the extraction reagent for daily detection, and the analytical sensitivity (detection limit) ≤ 500 copies /mL, which can be used for 20,000-30,000 samples. In addition, 1-2 reagents should be different from the amplification area of daily detection reagents, and the analytical sensitivity should be more sensitive than that of daily detection reagents, such as 100-300 copies /mL, which is used for re-examination and confirmation when daily detection reagents are positive. Amplification reagents should be transported in cold chain transport boxes.

　　3. Others. Kit for instrument calibration; Pseudovirus particle quality control products used for testing system performance verification and indoor quality control, etc.

　　(4) Consumables.

　　1. Extended suction head with filter element. Specification 10μ L，100μ L，200μ L，1000μ L, no DNA and RNase, and the quantity corresponds to the detection reagent.

　　2. Eight-joint exhaust pipe, matching 96-hole plate, sealing film, sealing bag and sample adding groove. Corresponding to the number of detection reagents, and matched with the amplification instrument. There are 10 sample-adding grooves and 20-30 plate frames for eight-connection pipes.

　　3. Test tube rack. 50-100 4×8 or 8×12 test tubes (large holes, which can hold 5-in-1 and 10-in-1 mixed nucleic acid collection tubes).

　　4. Protective equipment. Medical protective masks (head-mounted), surgical masks, isolation gown, protective clothing, powder-free latex gloves, shoe covers, face screens or goggles, hats, hand sanitizers, etc., each team member is equipped with one set for 2-3 days per day. Different types of protective equipment should be configured according to the players’ body types.

　　5. Others.

　　(1) 4-5 walkie-talkies are used to communicate with the outside of the laboratory.

　　(2) 1 smart phone. It is used to transmit image information and report results to the outside in time in the laboratory.

　　(3) 1 computer. In addition to the computer supporting the amplifier, an additional computer is provided for data processing outside the laboratory.

　　(4) 1-2 mobile hard disks or large-capacity USB flash drives.

　　(5) Share software. If possible, you can pre-install sharing software on all computers, such as teamviewer, so that the team leader or quality supervisor can check and review the positive results at any time outside the laboratory.

　　(6) A first-aid kit, equipped with commonly used drugs and first-aid supplies.

　　Six, nucleic acid testing laboratory reserves and security

　　Cities with a population of less than 5 million should reserve more than 2 laboratories or areas that can be rebuilt for the nucleic acid detection support team;Cities with a population of more than 5 million should reserve more than 5 laboratories or areas that can be rebuilt for the nucleic acid detection support team. Each laboratory or remodelable area should accommodate at least 5 inspection teams (the daily inspection quantity of each team is calculated as 10,000 tubes), and reserve relevant inspection equipment, reagents and consumables. The personnel, sites and materials that each supporting nucleic acid testing laboratory should be equipped with are as follows:

　　(1) personnel.

　　1. Personnel receiving, deactivating and sorting samples: 20-25.

　　2. Cleaning and medical waste disposal personnel: 4 persons.

　　3. Hospital contact person: 1 person, responsible for the communication between the nucleic acid testing support team and counterpart medical institutions.

　　4. Government contact person: 1 person, responsible for communication with the local government of the nucleic acid testing support team.

　　(2) Site preparation.

　　1. Sample receiving and inactivation (if applicable) treatment. The sample receiving space should be about 50 square meters, equipped with 2-3 A2 biosafety cabinets. The pretreatment room should be equipped with at least large sample transfer boxes, freezers, air disinfection machine, air conditioners, a large number of test racks and shelves. If a large number of samples cannot be inactivated in the biosafety cabinet, you can choose a ventilated, spacious, relatively remote and convenient place for sample transfer vehicles to receive samples and inactivate them and number them.

　　2. Nucleic acid amplification detection laboratory. There should be at least three physically completely separated working areas, namely, reagent preparation area (more than 20 square meters), sample preparation area (more than 40 square meters) and amplification and product analysis area (more than 40 square meters). If the laboratory has a mechanical ventilation system, the ventilation in each area should be more than 10 times/hour; If there is no ventilation system, the sample preparation area and the amplification and product analysis area must have windows leading to the outside, and 1-2 strong outward exhaust fans can be installed on the windows, and high-efficiency filters should be installed to avoid environmental pollution. There should be enough laboratory tables for placing instruments and equipment such as extractors and amplifiers in the corresponding laboratory areas. At the same time, the electricity consumption load of the laboratory should reach the load of placing instruments.

　　3. Lounge. Each nucleic acid testing support team should be equipped with a clean room for staff to work and rest.

　　4. Warehouse. Each nucleic acid detection support team should be equipped with a special warehouse to store all kinds of consumables, equipment and packaging.

　　(3) Instruments and equipment.

　　1. Biosafety cabinets: A2 type, double, 4-5. 2 front-end sample receiving and inactivating areas (if applicable); 2-3 sample preparation areas.

　　2. Inactivation incubator: 3-4 sets.

　　3. clean bench: 1. Place in the reagent preparation area.

　　4. Two freezers at-20℃ are placed in the reagent preparation area. 2 refrigerators at 2-8℃, placed in the sample preparation area.

　　5. Movable UV lamps: 8.

　　6. Air conditioning: air conditioning should be provided in all areas, and the indoor temperature should be maintained at 18-20℃.

　　7. Internal-discharge autoclave: ≥ 80 liters, 2-3 sets.

　　8. air disinfection machine: 3-5.

　　(4) reagents.

　　1. Nucleic acid extraction reagent: the quantity matched with the detection quantity corresponding to the number of people to be screened and detected.

　　2. Amplification detection reagent: the quantity matched with the detection quantity corresponding to the number of people to be screened.

　　(5) Consumables.

　　1. Extended suction head with filter element (boxed, without DNase and RNase, and matched with the sampler used) (10μ L，100μ L，200μ L，1000μ L）。

　　2. Sharps box: medium.

　　3. Personal protective equipment: medical protective masks, surgical masks, hats, isolation gown, protective clothing, powder-free latex gloves, powder-free latex gloves, shoe covers, boot covers, protective screens and goggles, anti-fogging sprays, split clothes and long rubber boots.

　　(6) Disinfectant supplies. 75% alcohol (500mL, 6 boxes), 84 disinfection tablets (1 box), watering cans (10 large and medium-sized ones), trash cans (6 large and medium-sized ones), mops with buckets (5 sets), antibacterial hand sanitizer, hand-washing-free disinfectant, medical garbage bags (large, medium and small), binding tapes, medical waste labels and 1250 pressure steam sterilization chemical indicator cards.

　　(7) Office supplies. 5 walkie-talkies, 1 computer, 1 printer, A4 paper, scissors, tweezers, marker pen, gel pen, wide tape and long tail folder.

Special feature of 1905 film network "I was born to be useful, spin a thousand pieces of silver, all of them come back!."With the impassioned recitation,li pofamous literary pieceInvitation to WineOn the big screen, it turned into an unconstrained visual spectacle, which made people fascinated and shocked.

The new film "Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an" starts from the first Tang poems, and takes the audience back to the bright times when the stars shone thousands of years ago. With the friendship between Gao Shi and Li Bai spanning decades as the axis, it outlines the magnificent group image of the stars in the Tang Dynasty.

The film has a good reputation in the screening stage. As the pioneering work of the "New Culture" series, it is expected to become the next summer animation explosion.

In an exclusive interview with 1905 Film Network, directors Xie Junwei and Zou Jing told us that they hoped to present the Tang Dynasty in an all-round way from the perspectives of scenery, character modeling and etiquette paradigm, and to awaken the cultural genes flowing in the blood with 48 Tang poems and familiar names to convey the romance unique to China people.

"Chang ‘an is an ideal place for poets, and’ Three Wan Li’ is the distance between them and the ideal, and it is also the distance between us and the ideal. Poetry is there, books are there, and Chang ‘an is there. "Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an" is a poem we wrote to the sages, and it is also a spiritual inheritance, "Xie Junwei said.

"Chinese confidant"

As the pioneering work of "New Culture Series" of light-chasing animation, Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an aims to capture shining figures and classic works widely respected in the history of China as creative objects and show the beauty of traditional culture in the form of animation.

The first thing that came to mind was the "Tang Dynasty". "The Tang Dynasty is a self-confident and tolerant dynasty, and Tang poetry is integrated into the blood of everyone. When it comes to Tang poetry, Li Bai will naturally blurt it out," Xie Junwei said.

Everyone knows Li Bai. He is a "Poet Fairy" and "Brewmaster", and he is also a "fallen immortal" who is pure and refined, but these auras also invisibly widen the distance between him and the audience.

The director thought of looking for an "ordinary person" to stare at Li Bai. In this way, another hero — — Gao Shi, a frontier poet, came into being.

"In history, Gao Shi and Li Bai were good friends, and he himself was legendary. Before the age of 50, it was difficult all the way, and it was not until the Anshi Rebellion that he finally achieved great success. It is easier for the audience to bring in his friendship with Li Bai from the perspective of ordinary people. "

Li Bai and Gao Shi, one is a free and wild "fallen immortal" and wrote "oh, how can I gravely bow and scrape to men of high rank and men of high office, who never will suffer being shown an honest-hearted face"; A down-to-earth "worldly person" is determined to "go straight to Chang ‘an and knock on the Tianzi Gate".

The sharp contrast between their personalities and acting styles has become the main source of conflicts in movies and dramas, but behind their different life choices, they all reveal their unremitting pursuit of poetry and ideals.

The two directors interpret their friendship like this: "Li Bai and Gao Shi admire and appreciate each other. When they first met, Gao Shi said that I had never seen such a talented person, such a naive and romantic person, and he admired Li Bai; For Li Bai, after middle-aged sumo wrestling, he said to Gao Shi: The silver saddle shines on a white horse, and it is like a meteor. This poem was written by me according to your appearance twenty years ago, and he is also expressing his appreciation for Gao Shi. "

"Their personalities are so different, but they can be together and become bosom friends. This is the romance of Chinese bosom friends that we want to embody."

One of the externalized forms of this "romance" is the three sumo fights between Gao Shi and Li Bai. Director Zou Jing told us, "The social atmosphere in the Tang Dynasty was very martial, and sumo was a popular form of sports at that time. They have three sumo wrestlers in their lives, from the youthful vigor to the vicissitudes of middle age. The body may have declined but the spirit is still there. We want to create a spiritual transmission that spans time. "

At the scene of the road show, an audience asked the director what kind of feelings besides friendship existed between Li Bai and Gao Shi in the film. The director responded: "In fact, there is no need to define what kind of emotion it is. Li Bai and Gao Shi are very important people to each other, and this state is what we want to express."

"Chang ‘an Three Wan Li"

From the splendid Chang ‘an on the top of the mountain, the beautiful Yangzhou with Erming Moon is Yangzhou, to the Yellow Crane Tower on the first floor of the world, the wonders of the Three Gorges with water and sky, and then to the magnificent scenery of Liangyuan, Tongguan, Songzhou and Jibei. …No wonder some people say that Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an is a vivid Tourism Map of Datang.

In order to create a grand scene of the Tang Dynasty thousands of years ago, the master chose the creative mode of combining data archaeology with field collection. On the one hand, I visited Shaanxi History Museum to observe the sand table map of Chang ‘an City, and referred to a large number of books and ancient paintings to reproduce the prosperous Chang ‘an in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

On the other hand, they also personally went to Tongguan and Songzhou to collect the wind. Zou Jing recalled, "When we were in Tongguan, we stood on the wall and looked out, and we really understood why Tongguan was easy to defend and difficult to attack; We went to Songzhou and saw its walls and mountains linked together, then we understood the so-called natural barrier of the ancients. Many things have to be visited in person to understand the particularity of its geographical environment. "

Not only that, "Chang ‘an Three Wan Li" is not relaxed in the details of modeling, etiquette and props.According to the director, the crew also specially invited a etiquette guide to help the main creator reproduce all kinds of etiquette among the literati in the Tang Dynasty, such as the representative ceremony of crossing hands, not bumping glasses when touching glasses, the sense of ritual when Li Bai buried Wu Guide, and all kinds of details of "moving, sitting, lying and walking" are well documented.

"We want to present the real Tang Dynasty in detail, not only aesthetically, but also strive to make the audience return to Tang Dynasty at a glance," Xie Junwei said.

In order to restore the style of the Tang Dynasty in an all-round way, the figures in the film also refer to the proportions and shapes of figures in Tang terracotta warriors, murals and ancient paintings, forming a "tang style shape" with a majestic upper body because of its martial arts.

Specific to the two protagonists, Gao Shi has 22 versions, ranging from 8 to 60 years old, and Li Bai also has 15 versions, from youth to old age.

"Li Bai’s middle-aged state is actually the face that we are most familiar with. The inspiration comes from the illustrations next to Tang poetry in primary schools. We first determined that middle-aged Li Bai would use this shape, while Li Bai in his later years wore a plain clothes, like a youth, and returned to the true state."

In addition to the two protagonists, another highlight of the film is Du Fu, a lovely childhood, which is in sharp contrast with the gloomy and sad image of "Poet Saint" in the public impression.

The director said that this familiar and unfamiliar feeling is exactly what they are pursuing. "Is Du Fu a state of compassion from birth?" He was also a naughty and lovely child when he was a child. After he experienced setbacks and experiences, he finally became Du Fu now. This is what we want to express. We want to present these poets and these events to everyone in a more three-dimensional and flesh-and-blood way. "

Childhood du fu

In the director’s view, "Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an" tells the story of Gao Shi and Li Bai’s deep love for each other across time, and it is also a touching chapter in which the stars of the Tang Dynasty rise and fall with the times and realize their life ambitions under the magnificent background of the times.

In a limited time, the master also made famous historical figures such as Wang Wei, He Zhizhang, Zhang Xu, Cui Zongzhi, Wang Changling, Cen Can, Li Yong, Cenfuzi, Dan Qiusheng, Li Guinian, Ge Shuhan, Guo Ziyi, Princess Yuzhen appear in turn, and constructed a vivid picture of all beings in the Tang Dynasty.

"These sages in the movies made their own choices in the face of life setbacks and difficult pressures, which ultimately affected the direction of life. We will encounter the same difficulties they encountered in those years today, and I hope their choices will give the audience strength, which is the core theme of this film, "Zou Jing said.

There are a total of 48 Tang poems in the film, and how to visualize the artistic conception of Tang poems has become a big challenge for the master.

They finally chose Yellow Crane Tower, Jiang Jin Jiu and Yan Ge Xing for presentation, and Jiang Jin Jiu is undoubtedly the most difficult.

Director Zou Jing revealed: "The production cycle of the whole project is three years, and the production time span of" Into the Wine "is close to two years, and one shot has been done for half a year. This poem is particularly rich in emotion, interwoven with Li Bai’s frustration and ambition, grief and heroism, so we decided to present the world in poetry with a surreal expression. "

"Every link of this play is very difficult, from storyboard, design, animation performance, special effects and even dubbing, it is very challenging. It can be said that all our animation imagination and what we have learned are put into this poem."

To reproduce the classics in a visual way, so that poetry can resonate with contemporary audiences across the Millennium, it should also be in harmony with Gao Shi’s finishing line: "Poetry is there, books are there, and Chang ‘an is there."

"This is the origin of our creation, and the spirit of the poets has been handed down into poems." Chang ‘an Three Wan Li "is a work of spiritual inheritance and a poem for the sages."

　　The netizen who wrote "Tianjin Climbing Raiders" took a selfie on the top floor of a building. His behavior was accused of being too dangerous, and the lawyer thought it might be suspected of endangering public order.

　　Recently, some netizens published a "Raiders of Climbing Buildings in Tianjin", which described in detail how to take scenic photos on the rooftops of several high-rise buildings in Tianjin. Once released, the Raiders caused controversy, and some netizens thought that it was too dangerous to enter the roof of unopened high-rise buildings mentioned in the Raiders. Some lawyers said in an interview that shooting on an unopened rooftop may be punished for allegedly endangering public order, which will not only pose a safety risk to themselves but also to others. At the same time, the lawyer reminded that if there is a safety accident, the management or property owner of the building may also be held accountable for management negligence.

　　Netizens wrote "Tianjin Climbing Raiders" on the Internet.

　　Recently, a netizen posted a "Raiders of Climbing Buildings in Tianjin" on Weibo. In the Raiders, the netizen said that he had climbed to the rooftops of high-rise buildings in Tianjin many times to shoot. In the photos posted by the netizen, someone was sitting on the edge of the rooftops of high-rise buildings, which was very dangerous. The strategy of climbing stairs is widely circulated on the Internet.

　　The "Tianjin Climbing Raiders" published by this netizen includes 10 high-rise office buildings or residential quarters in Tianjin, such as Jinzhigu Building and Junlin Building. The raiders include the location of setting up cameras on the rooftop, how to detour upstairs, how to enter the locked rooftop, and how to avoid security suspicion.

　　Some netizens found that the rooftops in some photos lack protective measures and belong to areas that are not open to the outside world. Therefore, it is not only a security risk but also a suspicion of breaking the law to enter the rooftops in this way. Some people are worried that going in and out of the building at will affect the work and life of people in the building.

　　Photographer: I haven’t thought about it if it is illegal.

　　On the 26th, the reporter of Beiqing Daily contacted Mr. Ma, the author of "Tianjin Building Climbing Strategy". He admitted to the reporter of Beiqing Daily that this strategy was made by him, and he had personally climbed all the buildings mentioned in the article. He said that a few years ago, he climbed a building with a senior who loved photography by chance, and he has since enjoyed climbing the building to shoot landscape photography.

　　After accumulating more than one year’s experience in climbing stairs, Mr. Ma summed up his works and experiences and posted them on the Internet. He claimed that the original intention of climbing the stairs was to let more people enjoy the beautiful scenery of Tianjin.

　　In response to questions from netizens, Mr. Ma said that at the beginning of the raiders, he reminded everyone to pay attention to safety and not to do dangerous actions. "I don’t go to dangerous places, such as climbing over the guardrail of Tiantai. I’m not so dead. I will be careful not to influence others when shooting. If people think I have influenced them, I will leave. But to be honest, I really haven’t thought about whether it is illegal. "

　　However, Mr. Ma’s strategy still met with some netizens’ doubts. In a strategy, Mr. Ma said that in order to enter the rooftop, he broke a lock leading to the roof, and then "I heard that the lock on the roof was welded". Some netizens believe that this practice has destroyed other people’s property, and there are security risks.

　　Claiming to have been in a dangerous situation

　　Despite this, Mr. Ma admitted that he had encountered dangerous situations in the process of boarding the rooftop.

　　He mentioned that when he climbed the roof of Chifeng Bridge Community Building, he needed to climb a ladder 3 meters high to go to the roof. "After I went up, I found that the ladder was not strong. When I stood in the middle of the ladder, I hesitated. Is it better to go up or go down?" I was a little weak at the time, but I thought I had come here, so I’d better go up and shoot. "

　　In addition, Mr. Ma told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that sometimes there is a strong wind on the rooftop, and he will always stand in the fence and dare not turn it out.

　　He recalled that at the earliest time, he went to the rooftop of King’s Landing Building to shoot. At that time, many people besides him also filmed on the rooftop. With the increase of people, the security guards will not let people go to the rooftop, and the building has installed a monitor on the rooftop. "If you want to take photos in King’s Landing Building, you can only book a hotel room under the rooftop, so you can still take photos of the corresponding landscape and there is no security risk."

　　For some photos that look dangerous in the Raiders, Mr. Ma said that those "photos that seem to make people’s legs soft" were not taken at risk. "In fact, the place where I am standing is not dangerous, and there is a fence in that position, but if I tilt the camera slightly, I can’t see the guardrail." He said that sometimes when there is a guardrail in the photo, he will PS the guardrail, "it becomes the effect in the photo."

　　Lawyer: Behavior that disturbs public order will be punished.

　　Han Xiao, a lawyer of Beijing Kangda Law Firm, told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that according to Chinese laws, if the act of shooting on the rooftop like Mr. Ma causes the consequences of disturbing public order and endangering public safety, it can be characterized as illegal and punished accordingly.

　　"There is no protective measures to climb to the rooftop to shoot, and the probability of danger is very high. Once an accident is caused, not only is there no guarantee for your own life safety, but there is also a great chance to endanger public safety. If serious consequences occur, they can even be detained. "

　　He reminded the photographer that shooting on the rooftop should be approved by the owner or manager of the building. If the building is damaged during shooting, the owner of the building has the right to ask the photographer for compensation.

　　If the climber has the behavior of breaking the door, it should be analyzed according to the degree of property loss. If the loss is large, he can be punished by administrative detention. If the loss exceeds 5,000 yuan, he may be suspected of intentionally damaging public and private property and will be investigated for criminal responsibility.

　　Han Xiao said that according to the Tort Liability Law, managers of hotels, shopping malls, banks, stations, entertainment places and other public places or organizers of mass activities should bear tort liability if they fail to fulfill their security obligations and cause damage to others.

　　Therefore, once the photographer has an accident when shooting on the rooftop, if it can be proved that the manager or property owner of the building has failed to fulfill his security obligations and there is management negligence, he will bear part of the civil liability caused by it.

　　Text/reporter Qu Chang Intern reporter Ding Dian Hua Ang

BYD’s fifth-generation DM technology is "digging" out for fuel consumption.

technical background

Motor advantage

strong

The instantaneous output peak torque at low speed is large. If the engine is used for high torque output, its related technologies are basically monopolized by relevant manufacturers in Europe and America.

fast

The motor torque adjustment is 20 times faster than that of the engine. At present, there is no gearbox to adjust the conversion torque in the electric drive on the market, and the electric control cycle is only 5ms, while the intake, compression, work, exhaust and power output of the engine take 100ms in one cycle.

So it’s more direct

accurate

Compared with the oil truck, the resolver identification accuracy is 300 times higher, the former is 0.02 degrees, while the latter is 7.5 degrees. Such applications as the ESP function of the chassis system are basically mastered by Bosch.

(B) the advantages of the engine

Steady-state high-efficiency kinetic energy output, that is, the steady-state high-efficiency generator engine and the series mode function in the middle and low speed state, and the steady-state high-efficiency driving in the high-speed cruise stage, while if the speed changes frequently in the middle speed driving, the excess engine energy is recovered by means of motor parallel speed increase or motor charging.

The core of the optimal architecture selection of BYD’s power system (pay attention to the non-planetary gear architecture) lies in how to give full play to the electric driving power and how to dispatch the engine power, as shown in the following figure.

(3) Comparison between PHEV and HEV

The fuel consumption is low. After all, for DM, the engine is only an aid. In most cases, it is only used to generate electricity for extended range when commuting. With high-power motor driving, the driving experience will be much better. At the same time, it has a large battery support and has the function of external discharge.

The fifth generation DM technology

Three major architectures

Power architecture based on electricity

Plug-in special high-efficiency engine: the engine with the highest mass production thermal efficiency of 46.06% in the world, and the improvement measures include

The world’s highest ultra-high compression ratio is 16. For the problems such as knocking and thermal management that may be caused by this, measures have been taken.

In order to improve the oxygen content of intake air, a high tumble port is adopted, and the combustion efficiency is improved by oxygen-enriched environment.

The EGR system is newly designed, and the middle urging is changed to the front urging.

The shape and inner wall of the combustion chamber are specially optimized.

Intelligent EFI system (mentioned again later)

The cylinder block and the cylinder head are cooled separately, and the energy consumption of the engine cooling and cooling system itself is reduced.

An intelligent variable lubrication system is designed to reduce engine friction loss.

Optimization of engine intelligent start-stop strategy

In the process of conventional engine starting, the instantaneous current will be very large when starting with a small battery of 12V, so the engine speed can only be raised in a certain period during the process of pulling the engine; Using high-voltage power electric drive to start can reduce the current and pull up the engine speed more quickly, and also avoid the resonance chattering problem that may be caused by the motor pulling up the engine;

At the same time, in the process of quickly pulling up the engine speed, the rapid power output of the engine itself is ensured by excessive fuel injection.

The energy loss can be reduced by 16%.

Extreme control optimization of system efficiency

By using the power battery as the energy reservoir, the engine can maintain a more efficient working condition as much as possible, and make full use of the driving advantage mainly based on electricity.

EHS electric hybrid system

electrical machinery

Segmented magnetic steel & ultra-thin silicon steel sheet to reduce magnetic loss and eddy current loss.

The double mechanical pumps in the motor cooling system are upgraded to the double pump coupling-rotor oil throwing technology, that is, one mechanical pump and one electronic pump, and the latter is started and stopped as needed, so the cooling process is more detailed.

clutch

The transmission efficiency between the motor and the wheel end is improved, which is transmitted by two gears and bearings. The previous generation adopted cone bearing, which has high strength but low efficiency, so it was upgraded to ball+column bearing and high efficiency clutch.

The motor speed is 16,000 rpm (132 kW, 316N.m) in the previous generation, and now it is 18,000 rpm (120 kW, 210 N.m); And the volume, power and torque of the motor are all reduced, but the power is not weakened, and the output of the wheel end is only amplified by a larger gear ratio.

The comprehensive working condition efficiency is improved by 5%

Insert-mix special blade battery

The energy density increased by 15.9%, the discharge rate increased by 33%, and the energy recovery increased by 20.3%. Because the battery capacity is large, the weight of the vehicle is bound to increase, which puts forward higher requirements for energy consumption. Therefore, part of the solution is made by improving the energy recovery rate, making a small motor mention and weight.

Charging and discharging experience upgrade

The slow charging power is upgraded from 3.3kw to 6.6kw.

DC fast charge for 21 minutes.

The external discharge is increased from 3.3kw to 6kw to meet the needs of more outdoor vehicles.

12V Ferrous lithium phosphate starter battery.

Status decline, especially in the process of vehicle starting, which was originally powered by 12V battery and transferred to electric drive.

The weight dropped from 12kg to 2.2kg

The small battery will have the same life cycle as the whole vehicle, so there is no need to change it frequently, and there is no need for the small battery to be dead.

When the small battery loses power, the power battery will charge it; If the power of the large battery is not enough, it will start the engine stomach power battery to replenish power. So don’t be surprised to see the car parked there and no one suddenly started in the future.

The small battery has its own independent BMS, which is used to communicate with the power battery.

Full temperature range vehicle

Active air intake grille, under the condition of low temperature, when the engine needs to be warmed up, the air intake grille is closed, and the water temperature rises faster; In hot weather, open the air intake grille to exchange heat and improve the heat dissipation in the front cabin; Close the air intake grille at high speed to reduce wind resistance.

Battery thermal management system

The battery direct cooling technology is adopted, and the battery is directly blown by the cooling capacity of air conditioner.

The temperature equalization technology is improved, and the shape of the cold plate flow channel is optimized to make the effective area better. The active temperature equalization technology is used, and the control valve is arranged at the cooling port, which is actively opened when the temperature needs to be lowered, so that the temperature equalization is improved by 45%, the battery activity can be kept in the optimal temperature area better and faster, and the energy consumption is saved by 34%.

The application of pulse self-heating technology, that is, heating through high-frequency charging and discharging between batteries, improves the heating speed by 60%.

Cabin thermal management, through intelligent switch internal and external circulation, actively control the compressor, blower and internal and external circulation switch according to the temperature, light and position (such as tunnel environment) inside and outside the vehicle.

Seven-in-one power domain control, through the improvement of chip and communication speed, strengthens the integration of all components, improves the power density of electric drive system, and improves 18.3%.

Wind resistance of the whole vehicle is 0.26Cd.

Low wind resistance rim

Low drag caliper

The integrated flat chassis, which has been extensively evaluated on the Internet, is no longer an oil-to-electricity structure. The layout and technology of the whole car chassis have been improved a lot, and of course the comfort has also been significantly improved.

Electronic and electrical architecture

Combined with different scenes and different parts of vehicles (such as oil, machinery, electricity, liquid, heat, etc.), the intelligent switching of vehicle modes, intelligent power distribution and intelligent voltage adjustment are carried out through historical massive data and AI technology.

The AI energy consumption mode of the vehicle system will intelligently adjust the power consumption or oil consumption strategy according to the congestion situation and road conditions during the navigation of Gaode map.

　　[car home Information] On September 14th, during the China Mobo Fair, Wuyang-Honda brought four brand-new models to the majority of motorcycle riders. They are retro straddle CGX150, wide pedal NPF125, sports pedal NWX125 and light retro pedal Spacy 125.

　　At this conference, Wuyang-Honda announced the suggested retail prices of three new cars: CGX150 standard version, side package version, special edition, NWX125 and Spacy125.

◆ Daily travel new partner | Spacy125

　　Spacy125 adopts Honda’s new generation eSP 125cc engine, and comes standard with IDLING STOP intelligent start-stop technology and high-definition negative display instrument. At the same time, ABS version of front wheel can be selected according to requirements. The low seat height design of 735mm makes it easy for users of different heights to control.

　　In terms of travel convenience, Spacy125 has a large-capacity bucket seat space and an open front space, and the pedal space can also be used for carrying goods; The design of integrated saddle and aluminum alloy rear shelf gives consideration to comfort and practicality.

　　Spacy125, which focuses on light retro fashion, has five color schemes to choose from, including Star Moon White, Milk Apricot White, Mechanical Silver, Mo Landi Blue, Magic Black and Cream Green.

◆ Brilliant without borders | NWX125

　　Take the sports style pedal NWX125 to attract young people’s attention with stylish design. V-shaped headlights cooperate with the effect of running water lights, and there is a degree of relaxation. The whole vehicle modeling adopts line+rectangle segmentation; Smoked black taillights and left and right chrome-plated decorative turn signals make the three-dimensional atmosphere full and make the whole car more modern.

　　In terms of intelligent configuration of NWX125, there are not only black technology blessings such as IDLING STOP intelligent start-stop technology, SMART Key intelligent ID key, high-definition negative LCD instrument, 5V3A Type-C charging interface, but also double open front object boxes and large-capacity bucket space, which also make travel more casual and practical.

　　In terms of performance, NWX125 is equipped with Honda’s new generation eSP 125cc engine, with the maximum speed increased by 5%, fuel consumption reduced by 9%, engine output power of 7kW and output increased by 10%. NWX125 can choose the ABS version of the front wheel, which makes the braking force stronger and more stable.

　　NWX125 has a variety of color schemes to choose from, including Yaoye Black, Vitality Orange, Xingyue White, Xinghai Blue and Mechanical Silver. Configuration version includes CBS version, ABS version and ABS·SMK version.

◆ Tolerance, as it should be | NPF125

　　NPF125 is a commuter scooter built by Wuyang-Honda with the concept of comfort. The design of NPF125 shows high-end atmosphere; Double LED headlights show anthropomorphic visual effects through ingenious design such as simplifying contour lines. The taillights are ingeniously integrated into the "H" shape, with higher recognition.

　　The 660mm spacious saddle of NPF125 extends to the flat aluminum alloy rear armrest, and two people can enjoy good comfort when traveling; Wide and flat pedal storage space, so that feet are no longer cramped, but also provide cargo space; The spacious front container can hold 4 bottles of 500mL drinking water, and the bucket space has reached 14.3L after optimization design, and the space is full.

　　In terms of power system, NPF is also equipped with Honda’s new generation eSP 125cc engine, which is more powerful, greener and more comfortable. The fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is only 1.87L, and the full fuel life can reach 300km. NPF is also equipped with optional front wheel ABS, IDLING STOP intelligent start-stop technology, SMART Key intelligent ID key, 5V3A Type-C charging interface and other advanced configurations.

　　In terms of car color, NPF has five colors to choose from: mechanical silver, graphite gray, Xinghai blue, Xingyue white and Polar black, which creates the possibility for diversified travel styles.

◆ Pure Vintage | CGX150

　　The design concept of Wuyang-Honda CGX150 is to restore the essence of pure Vintage to the maximum: the whole body is horizontal, with a long and narrow fuel tank, caterpillar saddle, conical chrome-plated exhaust pipe, round retro headlights, spoke wheels and turtle back tires.

　　The CGX150 body adopts a large number of chrome-plated parts, which balances the overall color matching and makes it look more exquisite. The design of lamps is also full of exquisiteness. The smiling face style position lamp, small and exquisite taillights and turn signals are full of fun and show high recognition. The instrument, lock and fuel tank cover are arranged asymmetrically, and the unique retro fuel tank cover with large size makes the design more interesting, unconventional and full of personality.

　　In addition to the standard version, CGX150 has also introduced a special version with a more extreme shape. It adopts the design of single saddle+hump, and the rearview mirror is changed into a horn rearview mirror. The color matching of the special edition has also undergone a comprehensive retro design. The fuel tank is painted in two colors, with red and black color matching saddles and Honda’s classic red painted frame.

　　In terms of performance, CGX150 faces stricter emission standards, makes a brand-new adjustment to the engine, optimizes the air-fuel ratio, and strengthens the output of middle and low speed torque. The front and rear double disc brakes are used for braking, so the braking distance is shorter, and the front wheel ABS is blessed, which makes it more secure when dealing with emergencies.

　　As such a pure retro model, Wuyang-Honda specially designed the original side bag and windshield for CGX150, and passed the relevant certification. In terms of configuration version, CGX150 provides standard version, side package version and special version for selection; In terms of color matching, there are three standard color matching methods: pearl white, digital silver and polar black, and there is also a special color matching version.

Recently, Ms. Bian from Shanghai bought 10 Jin of peanuts online for 6.81 yuan in the live broadcast room. After receiving it, she found only 10. Ms. Bian said in an interview with @ Litchi News that at the time of live broadcast, the merchant said that 10 Jin of peanuts were guaranteed not to be bad. Now the store has been cancelled, and the delivery phone can’t get through. I can’t contact the merchant myself and feel cheated.

　　The Meicheng mooncake controversy continued to ferment. On September 18, the Guangzhou Huadu District Market Supervision and Administration Bureau notified the relevant situation of Meicheng mooncakes, and introduced the business operation, trademark use and food quality inspection of the related companies of Meicheng mooncakes. The Market Supervision Bureau has sent a letter to the municipal supervision department where the live broadcast platform is located and the municipal supervision department where the live streaming company is registered, requesting assistance in the investigation. The relevant situation needs to be further verified. Next, the relevant departments will closely follow up the progress of the incident, carry out further verification of the cooperative relationship and cooperation content between Guangzhou Meicheng Food Co., Ltd. and the relevant live streaming hosting platform, and strengthen the supervision and compliance guidance of relevant enterprises.

　　As the location of the moon cake manufacturer, the notice of the Huadu market supervision department explained to the public the complex relationship between several companies involved in Meicheng moon cakes, and explained the testing of their products for inspection and the results of the regulatory department’s active sampling of moon cake manufacturers in the jurisdiction. At present, it seems that no quality and safety problems have been found in the moon cake products involving controversial topics.

　　Of course, it must also be noted that consumers and netizens have paid attention to Meicheng mooncake products from beginning to end, and only a small proportion have been placed on product quality issues. More controversial points have fallen on whether there is false propaganda in content such as "Meicheng is a big brand" and "Hong Kong Meicheng" during the sales of the product through the live streaming platform. This is also the issue of "cooperative relationship and cooperation content" that the manufacturer and the relevant live streaming hosting platform need to further verify as reported by the Huadu District Market Supervision Department.

　　Is it the manufacturer who is marketing the so-called "big brand in Hong Kong" in the way of "registered in Hong Kong and produced in the mainland", or is the live broadcast platform deliberately creating a so-called "Hong Kong-made" atmosphere based on the exaggerated expression of oral broadcast to mislead consumers? As a physical product of mooncakes, in the traditional marketing scenario, consumers can of course make judgments based on the detailed geographical labels of the manufacturer. The packaging of the product called "Hong Kong Meicheng Mooncakes", even the smallest font, clearly indicates its true place of production. But in the emerging live broadcast environment, not only can the product not be observed in detail at the first time, but the colloquial and exaggerated characteristics of the live broadcast may also be more misleading.

　　The relevant investigation is still ongoing. The way and content of the cooperation between the manufacturer and the relevant live streaming host platform need to be investigated in depth, and whoever is responsible will have to bear the responsibility. While the public is waiting for further investigation conclusions and handling results, it is also necessary to understand the series of "gameplay" of Meicheng mooncakes involved.

　　According to the report of the market supervision department, Guangzhou Meicheng Food Company has obtained the business license and the record of selling prepackaged food, and is a food trader that meets the qualification requirements. At the same time, Guangzhou Meicheng Technology Company also has the business license and food production license, and the quality management system and production process environment also meet the requirements. Including the brand related to "Hong Kong Meicheng Mooncake" used by it is from the brand authorization of Hong Kong Meicheng Food Group, and all the legal procedures seem to be in place.

　　Combined with the previous combing of the media, Guangzhou Meicheng Company registered in 2014 is the "production base" of Hong Kong Meicheng group company registered in Hong Kong in 2019. Hong Kong Meicheng group company registered a number of trademarks containing the words "Meicheng" and patterns in Hong Kong in 2023 and 2024 respectively. Among them, the trademarks of "Hong Kong Meicheng Mooncake" and patterns were registered on September 22, 2023. This set of operations can easily make consumers think that there are doubts about the so-called "Hong Kong is a shelf company". Before that, there were indeed situations where some products were registered overseas but only sold well in China.

　　According to an interview with a person in charge of the company involved by Red Star News, it is said that its brand is registered in Hong Kong, but because "the price of workers in Hong Kong is higher, the factory is located in the mainland". It should be noted that it is not uncommon for products of foreign brands to be OEM in the mainland, but there is still a huge difference between the OEM production of existing foreign brands in the mainland and the so-called quality image of mainland products through overseas registration. This is also the reason why legal experts maintain that the title of products in a specific region needs to be based on "product sales and promotion activities".

　　It is not where a trademark is registered that it naturally becomes a "big brand", not to mention that this set of extremely convenient overseas registration procedures has been repeatedly blessed in the live broadcast scene through the exaggerated expression of live streaming host and the platform of Hong Kong artists. What needs to be found out now is what role do manufacturers and related live streaming host platforms play in this fake Hong Kong capital and fake Hong Kong products marketing farce? The differences between the legal concept of trademarks and the geographical perception of the public need to be further clarified by the market supervision department through case-by-case enforcement.

　　On December 18th, the People’s Bank of China began to issue a set of commemorative coins for the 2020 New Year, which was "second light" in many places. Since the beginning of this year, the People’s Bank of China has issued commemorative coins for many times, which has been widely concerned by the market. Not long ago, the first special-shaped commemorative coin — — Taishan commemorative coins were sold out just after they were put on sale, and the face value of 5 yuan was sold online to 24 yuan.

　　Why are commemorative coins widely concerned? What is the purpose of distribution? Why does the price of commemorative coins rise and fall?

　　The first special-shaped ordinary commemorative coin was sold out.

　　On November 28th, the People’s Bank of China issued the World Cultural and Natural Heritage — — Taishan Ordinary Commemorative Coin, with denomination of 5 yuan, with rounded square shape, circumscribed circle diameter of 30mm, made of brass alloy, has issued 120 million pieces.

　　This is the first time that the People’s Bank of China has issued a special-shaped ordinary commemorative coin, which has been widely concerned by the market. As one of the official distribution channels, China Construction Bank’s official website data shows that after the reservation was started in Beijing, it took only 10 minutes to break through 2.48 million pieces. At 0: 40 on November 21st, the number of online reservations in Beijing was zero. Those who don’t have an appointment can only go to the business hall early the next morning to make an appointment. At 15: 40 on November 21, the system showed that the number of offline reservations in Beijing was zero.

　　"This Taishan commemorative coin is very special and feels more collectible." Ms. Liang, a Beijing citizen, has a lot of commemorative coins in her home, ranging from commemorative coins for the 50th anniversary of the founding of Xizang Autonomous Region to commemorative coins for the Year of the Rooster. "My first set of commemorative coins is a gift from a friend, and it is a the Year of the Loong commemorative coin, because I belong to the dragon. Since then, I have been paying attention to various commemorative coins issued by the central bank every year. When I see something I like and have special significance, I will buy one set. "

　　What is a commemorative coin?

　　Commemorative coins are legal commemorative coins issued by a country to commemorate international or domestic political, historical and cultural events, outstanding figures, places of interest, rare animals and plants, sports events and so on. Including circulating commemorative coins and non-circulating commemorative coins. In China, circulating commemorative coins are also called ordinary commemorative coins, including commemorative coins and commemorative banknotes, which are generally made of base metals such as copper, nickel and zinc; The non-circulating commemorative coins, also known as gold and silver commemorative coins, are generally made of precious metals such as gold and silver. Ordinary commemorative coins have the same function as the current RMB, and are circulated at the same value as the RMB with the same denomination.

　　Where are commemorative coins issued?

　　The Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Administration of Renminbi stipulates that the People’s Bank of China may issue commemorative coins as needed. If the theme of commemorative coins involves major political and historical themes, it must be approved by the State Council. 30 days before the issue, the People’s Bank of China will make an announcement to the public, announcing the theme, face value, material, pattern, style, specification, circulation and issuing time of commemorative coins.

　　How to buy?

　　Taking Taishan ordinary commemorative coins as an example, they are issued by appointment, and China Industrial and Commercial Bank, China Agricultural Bank, China Bank and China Construction Bank respectively undertake the appointment issuance of Taishan ordinary commemorative coins in some provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The public can make an appointment to register through the websites or business outlets of the above four banks with the original ID cards of the second generation, and the quota for each person to make an appointment and exchange is 20.

　　Issue hundreds of sets of commemorative coins in 35 years

　　Since 1984, the People’s Bank of China has been issuing commemorative coins for 35 years, and has issued hundreds of ordinary commemorative coins (commemorative banknotes). Among them, the "Commemorative Coin for the 35th Anniversary of the Founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC)" issued on October 1, 1984 is the first circulating commemorative coin officially issued by the People’s Bank of China, which laid a good foundation for the issuance of circulating commemorative coins.

　　Counting hundreds of sets of commemorative coins in the past 35 years, in addition to the "earliest issue", there are several "most" worthy of attention.

　　Issue at least — — The 30th Anniversary Commemorative Coin of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, issued on September 20th, 1988, is the least circulated commemorative coin by the People’s Bank of China so far, with a complete set of one commemorative coin and a circulation of only 1.56 million.

　　Minimum face value — — The "Commemorative Coin for the 6th National Games" issued on November 20th, 1987 has a face value of 10 cents, which is a set of commemorative coins with the lowest face value, the smallest specification and the lightest metal weight.

　　In addition, there is the largest diameter — — "Special commemorative coin for rare animals" in 1993, with a diameter of 32 mm；; The most public welfare — — On October 26th, 1994, the "Commemorative Coin for the 5th Anniversary of Project Hope" was issued, and the Chinese and English logo of "Project Hope" … …

　　Over the past 35 years, the People’s Bank of China has formed certain characteristics in issuing commemorative coins.

　　The circulation is increasing. In 2003, the circulation of Lunar New Year sheep was 10 million; in 2009, it was 30 million; in 2012, it was 80 million; in 2014, it was 100 million; and at the beginning of this year, it was as high as 250 million. It can be seen that the circulation of commemorative coins has increased year by year in recent years.

　　The theme of distribution is getting richer and richer. From the first set of commemorative coins issued in 1984 to commemorate the 35th anniversary of the founding of New China, to the anniversary of the founding of five autonomous regions, to sports series, great men series, rare animals series, the theme of New Year’s greetings and auspicious culture series, etc., the commemorative coins issued by the People’s Bank of China have become more and more rich in themes and covered more and more widely.

　　The distribution method is becoming more and more mature. In 2015, the People’s Bank of China began to make an appointment for redemption in some provinces and cities, and it was not until 2017 that all new year chickens were issued. At present, many banks such as Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of China and China Construction Bank are responsible for the appointment of commemorative coins in some provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Citizens can make an appointment online at the undertaking bank official website or at offline outlets.

　　Blindly following the trend is risky.

　　The Taishan ordinary commemorative coins issued at the end of November are so popular that the "yellow cattle" will naturally not be absent. Commemorative coins with a face value of 5 yuan can be sold as high as one in 24 yuan on an e-commerce platform, with an increase of over 300%. A barrel of 20 pieces soared from 240 yuan to 600 yuan, and some people even shouted out the high price of 3,500 yuan for five barrels.

　　Why is it so hot? According to the analysis of commemorative coin lovers, on the one hand, due to its small face value and circulation, the market capital pressure is relatively small, and the collection threshold is low; On the other hand, the smaller the face value of commemorative coins, the easier it is to be fried. In addition, factors such as small circulation and few appointment opportunities have also increased the scarcity of Taishan ordinary commemorative coins, thus pushing up the price.

　　It is not advisable to speculate in money. The business management department of the People’s Bank of China specially issued an information warning, reminding the general public, especially elderly consumers, to be cautious in coin collection, to raise their awareness of self-protection and not to believe in relevant advertisements. According to industry insiders, although the market response has been enthusiastic after the issuance of commemorative coins in recent times, the main value of commemorative coins lies in collection, and the risk of blindly speculating coins is high.

　　The relevant staff of the People’s Bank of China said that the recycling link is an important prerequisite for maintaining the sound development of the commemorative coin market. For collectors, commemorative coins will lose some value if they cannot be converted into working capital. However, there is no formal recycling channel for commemorative coins at present.

　　Although Ms. Liang has collected some commemorative coins at home, she has never participated in speculation. "I think speculation is like stock trading, and the risk is too high. I bought commemorative coins purely because I like them, and the total price of a set is not high. I am happy at home. " Many insiders also said that commemorative coins can be collected as personal interests, but speculation is absolutely impossible.