Titanium media note:This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account Netease Digital Reading (ID: datablog163), by Su Wanshui, authorized by Titanium Media.

After Luo Min, the originator of campus loan, invited Jerry and Fu Seoul to bring prefabricated dishes, the prefabricated dishes caused a new round of controversy. In mid-September, in the "Oriental Selection" live broadcast room, the founder of Zhigang think tank shouted that "prepared dishes are pig and dog food".

Prefabricated dishes, a term that has a sense of existence in this year’s public opinion field, refer to semi-finished dishes that are prepared in advance and can be eaten simply by heating or frying later.

Precast dishes have been blown to the air, and "kitchen black holes" have found "spring" for cooking, but some people have a slight complaint — — This kind of fast food, which runs counter to the traditional eating habit of focusing on freshness, will eventually make Chinese food lose its soul and change the taste buds of Chinese.

When consumers feel that life is surrounded by something, capital with a keen sense of smell must have swarmed, just like prefabricated dishes.

There is no doubt that in the past two years, the industry of prefabricated vegetables has really caught fire. According to NCBD data, in 2021, the scale of the prefabricated vegetable industry will exceed 300 billion [1], and even some institutions predict that it will be a trillion-dollar track [2].

Among the players in the pre-cooked food track, whether they are cooking home-cooked dishes, focusing on vegetables, focusing on seafood, western food or hot pot and other special dishes, or even doing supply chain, they are all favored by investment institutions.

According to our statistics, from 2021 to the first half of 2022, there were at least 56 investment and financing events of prefabricated vegetables, accounting for 17% of the 334 public financing events in the catering industry during the period [3] [4].

Among them, tens of millions of levels of financing are the mainstay, but there are also billions of dollars in business. For example, in March of this year, Lu Zhengyao, who left Ruixing, participated in the establishment of the Tip of the Tongue Hero, and received 1.6 billion Series B financing [5].

In January of this year, the Tip of the Tongue Hero was officially launched, claiming that it would open 5,000 stores this year. Although there were only over 400 stores in July, people from all walks of life always paid close attention to whether the Tip of the Tongue Hero could become a lucky star in the catering industry [6].

According to the statistics of China Chain Store & Franchise Association, the amount of financing flowing into the prefabricated vegetable industry in the past year and a half can account for 10% of the financing amount of the catering industry [7]. "Prefabricated dishes" can also be compared with "meta-universe" and "carbon neutral", and together with them, it will become the most concerned track for investment institutions in the first half of 2022 [8].

Capital is willing to invest, and provincial policies are also overweight. Under such a good environment, there are more players on the track, and the start-ups, transformations and cross-border competitions are on the same field. By April 2021, Weizhixiang was listed, and the "first stock of prepared vegetables" in A shares successfully ran out.

In the year of 2021, Weizhixiang achieved revenue of 765 million yuan, up 23% year-on-year, and at the same time, 133 million net profit was returned to the mother, up 6% year-on-year [9].

Making prefabricated dishes can really make money. In fact, Weizhixiang, whose market is concentrated in East China, has achieved double growth in revenue and net profit in recent years. In the first half of 2022, the operating income of Weizhixiang reached 378 million yuan, and the net profit returned to the mother increased by 14.58% year-on-year.

Like the tip of the tongue hero, Weizhixiang also focuses on retail channels. In the first half of 2022, there were 1,522 franchise stores and 645 cooperative dealers nationwide [10].

If you often go to the vegetable market, you may be familiar with Weizhixiang, because the retail channels of Weizhixiang are mostly distributed in various vegetable markets and farmers’ markets. It is in the vegetable market that the founders Xia Jing and his wife observed the pain points of office workers’ trouble in washing vegetables and made their fortune [11].

But at the same time, Wei Zhixiang is also trying to walk on two legs, expanding the business of wholesale and direct sales to catering enterprises, and selling half of the dishes to hotels, restaurants, etc. In the first half of 2022, the revenue of wholesale channels accounted for 26.35% [12].

This is because consumers’ buying habits of prefabricated dishes are still in the training stage, but the use of prefabricated dishes in restaurants has already matured.

In recent years, prefabricated dishes have caught fire, and many people have also appeared in their homes. But in fact, prefabricated dishes have already "invaded" chain restaurants.

"28 separation" is the actual situation of this industry — — The ratio of B-end market to C-end market is about 8:2. According to China Chain Store & Franchise Association, at present, more than 85% of the sales channels of prefabricated vegetables are concentrated in B-end [7].

In other words, most of the prepared dishes flow to the central kitchen of the restaurant, and after being processed by the central kitchen, the prepared dishes in the form of semi-finished products continue to be delivered to various stores and finally delivered to the diners’ tables.

In 2020, 68.3% of the chain catering brands with more than 10 stores are already using the central kitchen [13].

In the survey of China Chain Store & Franchise Association, the proportion of prepared food in some head Chinese fast food companies can be close to 100%, such as Kungfu, while the proportion of prepared meals in Xibei Youmian Village and Xiaonanguo has reached more than 85% [7].

Moreover, compared with in-house food, take-away food is the growth soil of prefabricated dishes, and meals can be served simply by stir-frying, so merchants can not worry about overtime. The braised pork rice or pickled fish you ordered for lunch is probably a heated frozen fast food.

Pre-cooked dishes, a standardized product, are a perfect match with chain restaurants that pursue scale and take-away industries that pursue timeliness. The chain rate of restaurants in China is increasing, and the proportion of online take-out industry in the catering industry will reach 21.4% in 2021.

It can be predicted that as chain restaurants and takeout become more and more common, diners will be more likely to eat prefabricated dishes.

Why are prefabricated dishes so popular with chain restaurants? The reason is that prefabricated dishes can help them achieve "reducing costs and increasing efficiency".

Through the central kitchen, we can ensure the uniformity of products and reduce the risk of quality control, and the speed of eating will be accelerated, and we can entertain more guests in fixed business hours, and the revenue will naturally increase.

On the other hand, using prefabricated dishes, the kitchen in the back of the store heats it up and simply stirs it, which eliminates the need for chefs to operate, and the required manpower is also reduced, which greatly saves labor costs.

According to the calculation of China Chain Store & Franchise Association, the labor cost of restaurants will be reduced from 22% to 10% before and after using prefabricated dishes. Although the cost of raw materials will increase to some extent, the overall profit will still increase.

If it is a takeaway, the kitchen area can be further reduced and the rent cost can be lowered.

High rent and high labor are two big problems in the catering industry, both of which are solved by prefabricated dishes.

No wonder jian li, the founder of Xin Spicy Road and the chairman of Xinliangji, published bold opinions on his short video account that "in the next 10 years, 90% of chefs will be killed by prepared dishes" and "in the next 10 years, 90% of restaurants must use prepared dishes" [14].

Under the domination of assembly line production, the role of Chinese chefs has indeed been greatly reduced. If the taste is good, the power will be vested in the preparers of prefabricated dishes, and only a small number of chefs can get this "honor", while a large number of ordinary cooks know how to turn on and off the fire.

China Newsweek once reported that a 45-year-old skilled chef lost his job because his owner chose a new location in a shopping mall that restricted the use of open flames. "It may only take two minutes to heat up the prefabricated material package in 5 yuan and sell it in 25 yuan. From this point of view, the boss really doesn’t need to raise me again "[15].

Catering enterprises reduce costs and increase efficiency, but consumers are not willing — — Isn’t it the original intention of us to go to the restaurant all the way to eat the fresh and hot dishes cooked by the chef, even if there are occasional flaws?

The taste of the prepared dishes is mostly the same, and diners eat too much, and they slowly taste the clues.

In the first half of this year, "the use of prefabricated dishes in take-out and in-house meals without telling customers" became a widely complained problem, and the China Consumers Association criticized it by name, pointing out that it damaged consumers’ right to know and choose [16].

In August this year, CCTV’s Tianxia Finance reported that over 80% of chain restaurants in Guangzhou use prefabricated dishes [17], while in Shanghai, the users of prefabricated dishes even include Michelin restaurants [18].

After hearing this, a group of gourmets were thunderstruck, and related topics on social media were filled with their anger and disappointment.

The hottest controversy is that "prefabricated dishes unify the taste of restaurants". As prefabricated dishes continue to "invade" restaurants, different restaurants taste the same and have no pot gas.

Some people accuse restaurants of eating too ugly, and consumers pay the price of fried food. As a result, they get cheap fast food on the heating line, which is obviously unacceptable to consumers.

Indeed, if you go out for a meal, you can’t eat fresh ingredients and the chef’s unique skills. Anyone feels that he is a "big injustice". To suffer such a crime, it is better to order takeout or make instant noodles by himself.

When it comes to family use scenarios, solitary people who have "one person to eat" are too lazy to cook or young couples who "support their feet" want to eat some new tricks, and they may not be able to make cheap, delicious and relatively healthy meals with the help of prefabricated dishes.

They are not cheap — — Over 70% of consumers will choose to buy pre-cooked dishes above 21 yuan, and more than 14% will spend more than 40 yuan.

And they may not be so healthy — — A 258-gram prefabricated dish contains more than 2600 mg of sodium, which is too high [19].

Of course, these security risks may be solved with the improvement of industry norms, and the categories and tastes of high, medium and low-end markets will be richer and the prices will be more reasonable.

The emergence of prefabricated vegetables is the product of market demand, and the pace of life in modern society is fast. It is really convenient for many "workers" who don’t have enough time to wash vegetables, chop meat and marinate for seasoning.

However, it has always been lamented that when one day, the family kitchen is deeply invaded and the catering industry is heading for assembly line production in an all-round way, private and fresh delicacies will decline, and the "mother’s taste" will be nowhere to be found. The non-standardized and attractive Chinese food has also been eroded by industrial civilization.

No one hopes that the next "eat drink man woman" will not have the eighteen martial arts of steaming, frying, boiling, stewing and stewing, which are pleasing to the eye of Lao Zhu, but only the fancy way of tearing the packaging bag of prefabricated vegetables; Or the next "Gourmet" doesn’t have golden wisps of Buddha clothes, roasted geese in Gankun, and ecstasy rice, but only pre-made barbecued pork rice with heating time in place.

References:

• [1] Dining Collection. (2021). 2021— 2022 China Prefabricated Vegetable Industry Development Report.
• [2] Ai Media Consulting. (2022). Research Report on the Development Trend of China Prefabricated Vegetable Industry in 2022.
• [3] Dining Collection. (2022). 2021— Investment and Financing Report of China Catering Industry in 2022.
• [4] Dining Collection. (2022). Panoramic development report of China catering industry in 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2022 from https://www.foodaily.com/articles/28152..
• [5] Gao Huichao. (2022). Trillion prefabricated dishes ③ | Prefabricated dishes usher in a high-light moment, and in the future, enterprises will pay more attention to "basic skills. Retrieved15 September 2022 from http://www.21jingji.com/article/20220915/Herald/A0114D2B4959E192B4E38"
• [6] Liang Pan. (2022). The first store closed, the franchisee was exposed to losses, and the tip of the tongue hero failed to cut into the prefabricated dishes? . Red Meal Industry Research Institute. Retrieved 15 September 2022 from https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/2Jc_ZIBAr7Y2VxFGIHpaSA.
• [7] China Chain Store & Franchise Association. (2022). 2022 China Chain Restaurant Industry Report.
• [8] China Investment Research Institute. (2022). VC/PE report for the first half of 2022.
• [9] Taste knows fragrance. (2022). 2021 Annual Report.
• [10] Open source securities. (2022). Weizhixiang: The epidemic situation is slightly disturbed and the multi-channel layout has great potential — — — Company information update report.
• [11] Zhang Qi. (2022). In-depth analysis of "the first stock of prefabricated vegetables": starting from selling vegetables, the annual revenue has exceeded 700 million yuan. Red Food Industry Research Institute. Retrieved 3 October 2022 from https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/_sPZzyOM0ZiSA5wJUDFhQg..
• [12] Taste knows fragrance. (2022). Announcement of main operating data for the first half of 2022.
• [13] China Hotel Association. (2021). China catering industry annual report.
• [14] jian li. (2022). Within 10 years, catering prefabrication is bound to be a trend. Tik Tok. Retrieved 3 October 2022 from https://v.douyin.com/6wpr6yc/..
• [15] Hu Kefei. (2022). Chefs disappear in the kitchen. China Newsweek. Retrieved 15 September 2022 from http://www.inewsweek.cn/viewpoint/2022-01-10/14884.shtml..
• [16] China Consumers Association. (2022). Analysis of complaints received by the National Consumers Association in the first half of 2022. China Quality News Network. Retrieved15 September 2022 from https://www.cqn.com.cn/ms/content/2022-08/03/content _ 8847697.htm.
• [17] CCTV. (2022). Guangzhou, Guangdong: The proportion of prefabricated dishes used in chain restaurants is over 80%. Retrieved 15 September 2022 from http://tv.cctv.com/2022/08/05/Videjn1unhd39K281WKNK6J220805.shtml. 。
• [18] Shanghai Legal News. (2022). Looking for "pot gas" in the restaurant, even the Michelin restaurant is full of prefabricated dishes? Retrieved 15 September 2022 from https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s? __biz=MzA5MzUwOTYzNQ==&mid=2649783388&idx=4&sn=6880b45d382ef1f20b7f354a2df03f3b.
• [19] CCTV. (2022). Yunnan: Precast dishes go to the table, and doctors warn against excessive sodium. Retrieved 15 September 2022 from https://tv.cctv.com/2022/09/05/Videllwoofjcigwiy 3UV7H5n220905.shtml. 。

Cctv news(News Network): "Going into the County to See Development" entered Zizhong County, Sichuan Province today (August 15th). Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Zizhong has promoted agriculture through science and technology, strengthened the characteristic agricultural industry, and strived to build a strong county with characteristic industries in Chengdu and Chongqing.

Zizhong County, Sichuan Province, is located in the middle of Sichuan Basin, and it is the time for local rice harvest. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Zizhong has carried out the strategy of "storing grain on the ground and storing grain in technology", continuously explored the land potential, and tried to implement whole-process mechanized farming in hilly areas to promote grain production and income.

Yi Xiaojie, a rice grower in Zizhong County, Sichuan ProvinceMechanized farming has been carried out throughout the process, and the output has also gone up, and our pockets have also swelled.

Promoting agriculture through science and technology and promoting the high-quality development of modern agriculture. Relying on national agricultural science and technology parks, national modern agricultural industrial parks and national rural industrial integration development demonstration parks, Zizhong has continuously increased investment in research and development, and the scale and quality of agricultural products have been continuously improved. In 2021, the total output value of Zizhong agriculture was 8.131 billion yuan.

Zizhong is located between Chengdu and Chongqing. In recent years, the local transportation infrastructure has developed rapidly. Now, from Zizhong North Station, Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway can reach the capital in 28 minutes and Chongqing in 38 minutes. In the future, Zizhong will continue to lay out emerging industries such as clean energy and electronic information, build food and beverage industry clusters, and strive to build a strong green industry county in Chengdu and Chongqing, relying on the development of the twin-city economic circle in Chengdu and Chongqing.

Lu Songming, Deputy Secretary of Neijiang Municipal Committee of Sichuan Province and Secretary of Zizhong County CommitteeWe will develop characteristic agricultural industries, actively undertake supporting key industries in Chengdu and Chongqing, speed up the construction of a regional modern logistics system, and integrate high-quality into the twin-city economic circle in Chengdu and Chongqing.

　　According to the latest data released by the Ministry of Commerce of China, the actual amount of foreign capital used in China in the first month of the year was 127.69 billion yuan, up by 14.5% year-on-year. The scale has steadily increased and the structure has been continuously optimized, which shows that China is still a hot spot for foreign investment. International organizations and foreign-funded enterprises in China have expressed their optimism about China’s economic development prospects, believing that China’s economy will make generate more dynamic and bring more market opportunities and development dividends to the world.

　　In January this year, Standard Chartered Bank was granted permission to set up a wholly foreign-owned securities company in China, becoming the third wholly foreign-owned securities company approved after JPMorgan Chase Securities and Goldman Sachs Gaohua Securities. "China unswervingly promotes high-quality development, deepens reform and opening up, and especially continues to promote financial opening up on a higher level, which provides huge development opportunities for foreign financial institutions." Zhang Xiaolei, head of Standard Chartered Bank, said.

　　Schroeder Fund was recently approved to set up a wholly foreign-owned Public Offering of Fund management company in China, becoming the fifth wholly foreign-owned Public Offering of Fund company in China. Guo Wei, the person in charge of Schroeder’s investment, said: "This cannot be separated from the support of a series of favorable policies of the China government to expand the opening up of the financial industry. We will actively promote the preparatory work. "

　　According to the latest annual questionnaire survey of the German Chamber of Commerce in China, half of the enterprises surveyed expressed their willingness to continue to invest in the China market, and nearly 80% of the enterprises surveyed held a positive attitude towards the medium and long-term prospects of the China market, hoping to gain opportunities in the tide of scientific and technological innovation in China.

　　"From the extensive growth of scale and speed to the intensive growth of quality and efficiency, and from the drive of factor investment to the drive of innovation, the continuous reform in China will help achieve high-quality development." Kang Zhongzhi, an economist of the International Monetary Fund, said in an interview with this reporter that in recent years, China’s capital market has been more deeply integrated into the global financial market system, and the negative list of foreign investment access has been reduced for several consecutive years. At the same time, China has given full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, continuously strengthened the protection of intellectual property rights and deepened the reform of the household registration system, which has enhanced the vitality of market competition and the mobility of labor. China has achieved tangible results in promoting structural reforms on the supply side, and the economy will further achieve high-quality development in the future.

　　On January 8th, China resumed China citizens’ outbound tourism in an orderly manner, and gradually resumed the entry and exit of passengers at land and waterway ports. A number of foreign countries in the Chinese Chamber of Commerce recently said that this move has brought obvious benefits to the regional economy and global trade. The British Chamber of Commerce in China issued a statement saying that as the epidemic prevention and control entered a new stage, the optimism of enterprises continued to rise, and "China has once again become a priority investment destination".

　　The report released by the African Development Bank in January believed that after China optimized and adjusted its epidemic prevention policy, Asia, as an important export market in Africa, would achieve steady growth, thus expanding the development space of Africa.

　　Park Zhi-shui, chief economist of the Asian Development Bank, said that China’s economic recovery will greatly promote the Asian economy. The sharp rebound in consumer demand in China not only boosted the exports of trading partners to China, but also benefited all value chains connected with China.

　　Goldman Sachs Group recently released a report saying that the accelerated recovery of China’s economy will boost global economic growth. "With the improvement of global financial conditions and the increase of international trade, the spillover effect of China’s economic growth will be even greater".

All-media reporter Ruan Lu Intern Lu Qun Correspondent Wang Yijun

At present, the weather is getting colder and the temperature difference between day and night is large, which is in the high incidence season of influenza.

Huang Li, deputy director of the Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control of the State Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Li Fuqiang, an expert on planned immunization, warmly reminded that to prevent seasonal high-incidence respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza, we should make preparations in advance, raise awareness of disease prevention and strengthen health protection.

What is the flu?

Influenza (hereinafter referred to as "influenza") is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which is harmful to human health. It can be divided into four types: A, B, C and D. Seasonal influenza viruses include subtype A H3N2, subtype A H1N1 (pdm09), strain B Victoria and strain B Yamagata.

According to Huang Li, the flu mainly manifests as fever, headache, general malaise and other symptoms, and the body temperature can reach 39~40 degrees Celsius. Children’s fever is usually higher than that of adults, and the symptoms may include chills, chills, aching muscles and joints all over the body, fatigue, accompanied by loss of appetite, etc., as well as sore throat, cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, retrosternal discomfort, facial flushing, conjunctival congestion and so on.

Influenza is mainly spread by droplets such as sneezing and coughing. Influenza virus survives in the air for about half an hour. It can be infected by direct or indirect contact with oral cavity, nasal cavity, eyes and other mucous membranes, and it can also be infected by touching articles infected by the virus. In crowded, closed and poorly ventilated places, influenza may also spread in the form of aerosol.

People are generally susceptible to influenza virus, and most of them are self-limited. Some patients will have complications, which can develop to severe illness or even death. The elderly over 65 years old, children under 5 years old, especially children under 2 years old, pregnant women and patients with basic diseases are high-risk groups of influenza and need special attention.

Huang Li reminded that maintaining good personal hygiene habits is an important means to prevent respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza. For example, wash your hands frequently, keep indoor ventilation, try to avoid going to crowded places, have a balanced diet, exercise, and minimize rubbing your eyes, nose and mouth when you are in public places. You should also pay attention to regular work and rest, balanced nutrition, avoid overwork, and maintain your immunity. It is best to wear a mask when you go to a medical institution for medical treatment.

"In addition, the most effective means to prevent influenza is to inject influenza vaccine, especially for key populations. Annual influenza vaccination can significantly reduce the risk of influenza and serious complications." Huang Li said.

It is recommended to vaccinate against influenza in time.

According to Li Fuqiang, according to the Technical Guide for Vaccination of Influenza Vaccine in China (2023-2024) recently issued by the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, annual vaccination with influenza vaccine is an effective means to prevent influenza, which can effectively reduce the risk of influenza and serious complications among the vaccinators. Suggest ≥ People who are 6 months old and have no vaccination contraindications should be vaccinated against influenza, especially the following key groups are recommended to give priority to vaccination:

1 medical personnel, including clinical rescue personnel, public health personnel, health and quarantine personnel, etc.;

2. Participants and security personnel in large-scale activities;

3. Vulnerable people and employees in old-age care institutions, long-term care institutions, welfare homes and other crowd gathering places;

4. People in key places, such as kindergartens, teachers and students in primary and secondary schools, and detainees and staff in prison institutions;

Family members and caregivers of infants under 5.6 months old and pregnant women;

6. Other people at high risk of influenza, including elderly people aged 60 and above, children aged 6 months to 5 years, and patients with chronic diseases.

Usually, antibodies with protective level can be produced after 2~4 weeks of influenza vaccination, and it is best to complete the vaccination before the peak of influenza epidemic in autumn and winter. In the same influenza epidemic season, people who have completed the whole vaccination according to the vaccination procedures do not need to be vaccinated again.

Li Fuqiang introduced that influenza vaccine is a non-immunization program vaccine, and residents can be informed, voluntary and self-funded. At present, influenza vaccines used in China are mainly divided into two categories: inactivated influenza virus vaccine and live attenuated influenza virus vaccine. The influenza vaccines approved for marketing in China include trivalent inactivated vaccine (IIV3), trivalent inactivated vaccine (LAIV3) and tetravalent inactivated vaccine (IIV4), all of which can effectively prevent influenza virus infection. Residents can choose one influenza vaccine by themselves. At present, there are sufficient reserves of influenza vaccine in vaccination clinics all over the state.

Because influenza virus is easy to mutate, it is necessary to get flu vaccine every year. Like many other vaccines, influenza vaccination does not necessarily mean that you will not get the flu, but it can alleviate the symptoms after getting the flu, significantly reduce the risk of developing into a serious illness, and avoid developing into a serious illness and death.

Experts from the State Center for Disease Control and Prevention reminded that residents who care for their health can get the flu vaccine as soon as possible, especially those who have children, pregnant women, the elderly and other key personnel at home, and should take the initiative to vaccinate the whole family as soon as possible to build a family immune barrier to protect themselves and their families from the flu. You can go to the nearest community health service center (community health service station), the vaccination clinic of township hospitals and the health department of the hospital for vaccination. You can also make an online appointment through WeChat WeChat official account of Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and make an appointment in advance for the vaccination clinic and vaccination time, which is more time-saving and convenient.

How do students and parents take precautions?

The flu is coming, how can students and parents prevent it? Huang Li suggested that personal protection is the most important, and ventilation and disinfection should not be forgotten.

Students and parents need to do personal protection, wear masks, wash their hands frequently, pay attention to cough etiquette, try to avoid going to crowded places and avoid close contact with people with respiratory symptoms. If family members have respiratory symptoms, they should rest at home, observe their health, go to work and attend classes without illness, and wear masks when they are in close contact.

Children’s three meals a day need balanced nutrition, appropriately increase high-quality protein such as meat, eggs and milk, and eat more fruits rich in vitamin C. Ensure the length of children’s sleep, and adequate sleep has a positive impact on enhancing physical fitness. Primary school students should sleep 10 hours a day, junior high school students 9 hours and senior high school students 8 hours.

Always ventilate your home and keep the environment clean. Open the window for ventilation 2~3 times a day, with no less than 30 minutes each time. If it is inconvenient to open the window for ventilation, mechanical ventilation can be carried out with the help of an exhaust fan. After patients appear in the family, the surfaces of environmental objects contacted by patients can be disinfected with chlorine-containing disinfectant containing 250 mg/liter of available chlorine, or wiped with disinfectant wipes, and the surfaces of small items can be wiped with 75% alcohol.

Huang Li stressed that in addition, students and parents should be vaccinated as soon as possible. For high-risk groups such as young children who have not been vaccinated with influenza, vaccination as soon as the influenza vaccine is available can play a good preventive and protective role.

How do schools and kindergartens prevent it?

Li Fuqiang suggested that schools and kindergartens should do a good job in health monitoring, strengthen ventilation and disinfection, and build a strong immune defense line during the high-incidence season of influenza.

Schools and kindergartens should strengthen morning and afternoon inspections and full-day observation. Strengthen the registration system of absence due to illness, grasp the reasons of students’ absence, and find and report early. When influenza cases occur, patients should be allowed to rest at home to reduce the spread of the disease.

Schools should take advantage of students’ recess, physical education class, after school and other periods to strengthen classroom ventilation, so as to keep the classroom air circulating and fresh. Every morning, noon and evening, windows should be opened for ventilation, and the ventilation time should not be less than 30 minutes each time. Every day after school, the key places in the classroom should be cleaned and disinfected regularly. Nursery institutions should clean and disinfect students’ toys and other items every day.

Schools should publicize influenza prevention knowledge to teachers and students through radio, LED screens, blackboard newspapers, billboards, leaflets and lectures, do a good job in health education, help teachers and students develop good personal habits such as washing hands frequently, wearing masks and coughing etiquette, and improve their self-prevention ability. In addition, during the epidemic of respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza, schools should try to reduce or avoid large-scale gatherings and other collective activities to reduce the risk of transmission.

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As a means of transportation that relies on electric energy, it is essential to charge electric vehicles. However, different car owners have different ideas about the habit of charging electric vehicles. Some of them charge only when the power is running out, and some people charge frequently and charge every day. So, can electric vehicles be charged every day? The little expert made it clear once today and really learned it after reading it.

As for the way of "charging every day", it can’t be said that it is absolutely correct or absolutely wrong. After all, if the battery life of an electric car is only forty or fifty kilometers and you travel twenty or thirty kilometers every day, you have to charge it every day. Whether you can charge it every day depends on whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages or the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. Let’s take a detailed look at the advantages and disadvantages of "charging every day" of an electric car.

Regarding the habit of "charging every day", what are the advantages of it compared with the need to use clean electricity to recharge? According to the expert’s summary, there are two simple and clear ones.

The first is to reduce the battery vulcanization reaction and slow down the battery aging speed:

What kind of battery is the fastest aging, that is, the battery with faster vulcanization speed, which leads to battery vulcanization, and the most important point is power loss. As long as the battery is discharged and not replenished in time, the sulfuric acid concentration of the battery is thin, and sulfide crystals will form, which will lead to battery capacity reduction and battery aging.

If the battery is charged every day, it can be replenished in time after discharge, and the concentration of electrolyte in the battery gradually increases, returning to the concentration before discharge, which can prevent the battery from vulcanizing and slow down the aging speed of the battery.

Secondly, there is no need to worry about the power failure halfway, and there is no need to take emergency treatment methods that damage the battery:

If the electric car is charged every day, there will naturally be no trouble in the middle of the road. As long as there is no electricity in the middle of the road, the emergency switch such as ACS provided by the manufacturer will not be used by the owner, and there is no need to worry about damaging the battery.

As for the ACS switch, it can still release electric energy when the electric vehicle shows insufficient power, but once it is turned on, it will release all the protection voltage of the battery, which is very harmful to the battery. If it can be used, try not to use it.

Talking about the advantages of charging every day, but since discussing this way, there must be advantages and disadvantages, otherwise there is no need to discuss it. Then, what are its disadvantages, you can also sum up two.

The first is the waste of cycle charge and discharge times of the battery:

No matter what kind of battery, as long as the cycle charge and discharge times are used up, the battery will be scrapped, and charging every day with enough electricity will inevitably lead to the waste of times, especially lead-acid batteries, which must be avoided. It only has about 300 charge and discharge times. If it is used once every three days, it can be used for three years. If it is charged every day, the usable time of the battery will inevitably be shortened.

Secondly, it is easy to accelerate the water loss rate of the battery;

There are two important structures in the battery, the first is the lead plate, and the second is the electrolyte. If the battery is charged every day, the battery temperature will inevitably rise, which will evaporate the electrolyte. If a battery is charged and charged infrequently every day, the water loss rates of the two will be obviously different. When the battery electrolyte is insufficient, the battery performance will be affected and its life will be shortened.

Through the above introduction, we can get an answer. It is not recommended to "charge every day" for electric vehicles. Of course, if the power of electric vehicles is not enough to maintain the battery life for 2 days, it can be "charged every day". Compared with daily charging, it is not perfect. The following experts share the correct charging method, which is conducive to improving battery life.

1. The power of the electric car is enough for more than 2 days. Don’t charge it every day. Recharge it when the power is about 20%.

2, equipped with a lithium battery, because the number of charge and discharge is more than 1000 times, you can charge according to your habits;

3. Charge electric vehicles to avoid sub-zero environment;

4. Every time the electric car is charged, the charger will continue to charge after it turns green to complete the floating charge;

There is no need to choose between the charging habits of electric vehicles. Whether electric vehicles should be charged every day depends on the battery capacity and battery type. Can electric vehicles be charged every day? Through the analysis, it can be seen that lithium batteries are completely ok, while lead-acid batteries have advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to master the correct charging method according to the situation of electric vehicles and improve the battery durability. What do you think of this? Welcome to comment and exchange.

Net exposure LAY holding hands

Netizen broke the news screenshot

Fans posted the original picture.

　 　 Today (September 5th), some netizens broke the news that LAY, a popular "little fresh meat", was in love with Diamond, the winner of the third season of The Voice of China, which triggered a hot discussion on the Internet. Subsequently, the reporter called the brokers of both sides of the incident, and both sides gave a denial reply. LAY’s agent responded: "(They) are really not in love", while Diamond laughed and said: "Where is this?" But then, some fans came forward to blame the idol, pointing out that the woman posted by the reporter was not Diamond, and uploaded the original picture to jokingly refute: "Is this our mother-in-law?"

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　 　 A netizen named "Star Eight Gong" uploaded a group of photos suspected of LAY’s shopping in Weibo, and wrote: "LAY’s love affair was exposed. Some netizens witnessed LAY shopping with a mysterious woman, and it was very sweet to hug her waist and hold hands. It was verified that the woman was Diamond, the champion of "Good Voice of China" in the last season. " Suddenly triggered a hot discussion on the Internet, and netizens shouted unbelievable.

　 　 In this group of pictures, a man suspected of LAY is traveling in casual clothes, talking and laughing with a woman, and holding hands in public without any cover. However, because the photos were not clearly taken, the authenticity of the news was in doubt.

　　　

　 　 LAY, as the only mainland member of EXO, is very popular on the other side. Earlier, he was exposed to a secret love affair with Diamond, the champion of Good Voice 3. The whistleblower uploaded several photos of LAY holding hands and shopping with women, but most of them covered up the woman’s appearance, and then fans restored the original photos, pointing to the whistleblower as "malicious rumor". At present, Weibo, who broke the news, has been deleted, and fans have also shouted for LAY’s confidence, asking idols to concentrate on their work and not be influenced by rumors.

　 　　

　 　 In this regard, the reporter immediately called LAY and Diamond’s agents, and both sides immediately denied it. LAY said it needed to respond to this rumor, and repeatedly stressed that the two were "really, really not in love". LAY’s agent added: "They are not friends. Diamond was a fan of LAY before, but they didn’t know each other."

　 　 After hearing the news, MISS ZHOU, the agent of Diamond, said with a smile: "Where is this?" And told reporters that there are many Korean artists. "Who said that if Korea comes back, it will have to be in love?"

　 　 Are the two friends? MISS ZHOU said that it was not long before he took over Diamond, and it was not clear.

　 　 People who go to the cinema to watch movies have more or less encountered such a situation and got a puzzling handwritten ticket; Obviously watching movie a, but the name of movie b is written on the ticket; The unit organized a group movie but didn’t get the movie ticket, so you can sit casually in it, anyway, it won’t delay you from watching the movie … … In fact, these are all manifestations of "stealing the box office".

　 　 In this regard, the Film Bureau of the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television issued the Notice on Strengthening the Management of the Film Market and Regulating the Use of the Movie Ticketing System (hereinafter referred to as the Notice) on January 20, proposing to strictly improve the market access system for cinema ticketing software products. According to industry analysts, this move is the biggest "heavy punch" for the film bureau to purify the film market in the past decade.

Industry chaos：More than 5 billion box offices a year are "stolen"

　 　 In 2013, the national box office reached 21.769 billion yuan, compared with less than 1 billion yuan before the film industrialization reform in 2003. The development speed of China film market is amazing. However, in recent years, the situation of movie box office evasion and concealment has intensified. In April 2013, some netizens exposed the case of "stealing the box office" in a cinema in Sichuan. "I see, the staff of the cinema gave me a good ticket. Is this stealing the box office? "

　 　 There are many ways to steal the box office, which can be roughly divided into handwritten tickets, Zhang Guanli Dai tickets, group tickets, combined fares, changing system data, and dual systems (one system for bookkeeping and one system for reimbursement).

　 　 In view of the total box office in 2013, Wang Changtian, president of Light Film, bluntly said that at least 5 billion yuan of box office was stolen, and the real box office could at least exceed 26 billion yuan. According to the proportion of 40% of the total box office allocated to the production company, the producers have at least lost more than 2 billion yuan. According to the production cost estimate, the money is enough to shoot 12 films, 40 films and 60 films … …

　 　 On January 20th, the Film Bureau issued the Notice, relying on the Technical Requirements and Measurement Methods of Cinema Ticketing Management System (hereinafter referred to as the "13 Specifications"), and put forward a number of requirements, such as strictly improving the market access system of cinema ticketing software products, effectively strengthening the market application management of ticketing software products, strictly regulating cinema operation behavior, vigorously strengthening industry supervision, and intensifying the crackdown on illegal activities.

　 　 An industry insider who did not want to be named said that this move is tantamount to "playing the tiger in the film circle" and severely cracking down on those phenomena that leak and report the box office and disrupt the market. Its influence and meaning are significant and far-reaching.

Interpretation of the New Deal: How to check? Check the ticketing software and system one by one.

　 　 It is understood that all cinemas that join the cinema line for commercial operation in China must install a computer ticketing system. In order to regulate the use of this system, the former State Administration of Radio, Film and Television issued the "Technical Specification for Computer Ticket Management System Software in Cinema" in 2005. The "13 Specification" issued this time is the first major adjustment and revision of the 2005 Technical Specification.

　 　 1. Each ticketing software is "registered". The Notice emphasizes that the filing software must be consistent with the actual sales software. If the modules and functions required by the specifications are changed and upgraded, they need to be re-filed. This means that the characteristics of each ticketing software will be "registered", and the behavior of software vendors tampering with the program at will will no longer be allowed.

　 　 2. Spot check the cinema ticketing system from time to time. The "Notice" emphasizes that the film authorities at the location of the cinema are responsible for the acceptance of the cinema ticketing software after installation and the spot check during use. In addition, when cinemas use the cinema ticketing system to sell movie tickets, they need to submit box office data to the National Film Ticketing Integrated Information System within the specified time. Any information change is regarded as a serious business violation.

　 　 3. Movie tickets must be clearly marked. The cinema must exchange all kinds of movie cards, coupons, two-dimensional codes, online ticketing vouchers and other viewing credentials held by the audience for computer tickets through the computer ticketing system approved by the cinema. The fare printed on the computer ticket must be the same as the ticket actually paid by the audience. The film title printed on the computer ticket must be consistent with the film actually watched by the audience. It is strictly forbidden to sell or use movie tickets without clear film titles.

How to punish? Stop the film lightly, or disqualify it severely.

　 　 At the same time, the new regulations strengthen the punishment for violations. For general violations, in addition to the contractual stakeholders’ investigation of the breaching party’s liability for breach of contract according to the contract, depending on the degree of violations, warning, notification within the industry, media exposure, suspension of film supply, cancellation of various financial support and reward qualifications, cancellation of the qualification to participate in the evaluation of star-rated cinemas, and delisting of star-rated cinemas are taken. For serious violations of relevant national laws and regulations, the cinema’s "Film Projection Business License" shall be suspended or revoked.

Interpretation in the circle: "flies and tigers should fight together"

　 　 "Stealing the box office is a commercial fraud in a sense and a criminal act." In the view of Wang Changtian, president of Light Film, "(the introduction of the New Deal) will make the whole film industry enter a benign, orderly, fair competition and benefit-sharing mechanism. Let everyone’s labor achievements be respected, and let creation, intellectual achievements and intellectual property rights be protected. "

　 　 Wu Hehu, deputy general manager of Times Jindian Cinema, bluntly said that cracking down on box office evasion, regardless of tigers and flies, should be fought together. "Flies should also be severely punished, and some illegal theaters should not feel that even if they catch the problem, they will be punished less and earn more." He suggested that the cinema manager should be blacklisted and removed from the industry for cinemas that deliberately evade the box office.

　 　 Cao Yong, the head of Beijing Huaxing UME Cinema, said, "The introduction of these policies by the state is very good and timely, and great efforts should be made to implement them. Once found, the theater will be disqualified from commercial screening. It is not worth the loss to steal 100,000 yuan from the box office, so they dare not do so. "

　　The Conscription Office of the Ministry of National Defense recently issued the Notice on Preparing for Conscription in 2018, arranged for the preparation of conscription in the new year, and made it clear that the National Conscription Network (website http://www.gfbzb.gov.cn) was officially opened today, and all kinds of work such as online military service registration, recruitment registration and policy consultation were carried out in an all-round way.

　　通知强调，各地要及早部署展开大学生预征工作，确保在大学生离校前完成体格检查、政治考核和预定兵工作。下一步，各级兵役机关会同军队和地方宣传部门将深入开展征兵宣传，深入开展“征兵宣传教育进高校”活动，组织“省市领导话征兵”活动。

　　我国《兵役法》规定，每年12月31日以前年满18周岁的男性公民,都应当在当年6月30日以前,按照县、自治县、市、市辖区的兵役机关的安排,进行兵役登记。2018年兵役登记已经开始，你准备好了吗？

　　重点一：习主席去年曾给南开大学8名入伍大学生回过信

　　2017年的最后一天，国家主席最高领袖发表2018年新年贺词。贺词中提到，2017年，他又收到很多群众来信，其中就有南开大学新入伍的大学生，大学生们的故事让他深受感动，同时让他感到幸福都是奋斗出来的。最高领袖主席去年9月23日在给南开大学8名入伍大学生回信中，勉励他们把热血挥洒在实现强军梦的伟大实践中，书写绚烂、无悔的青春篇章。

　　Eight Nankai students are ordinary members of Qian Qian’s 10 million new college students in 2017. Among the eight people, some are the children of Xinjiang’s anti-terrorism martyrs, some are descendants of veterans who fought against US aggression and aided Korea, both urban youth and peasant children. Today, they have all grown up obviously: Kazakh boy Ashar, "challenged" to be the platoon leader of special warfare players for six years and completed the 3000-meter run in 11 minutes and 30 seconds; Dai Rui, a female soldier, changed from a "cute girl" on campus to a "female man" in a military camp. In order to cultivate a tall and straight military posture, she put paper on her knees and bricks on her head; Dong Xudong, the champion of the local college entrance examination, went from "Xueba" in the university to "Young Eagle" in the new training. After putting on his uniform, he read "The Educated Youth of the Supreme Leader" for the first time. Hu Yifan, a descendant of the Volunteers, not only learned, taught and applied theory in the military camp, but also hit the 48th ring &hellip with five shots at a distance of 100 meters. …

　　Key point two: the continuous development of national defense mobilization level will improve the ability of science and technology to participate in the war and support the front.

　　National defense mobilization is a bridge to transform national defense potential into national defense strength and an important content of national defense construction. The effectiveness of national defense mobilization construction is related to national security and development, and to the victory or defeat of future wars.

　　In 2017, with the adjustment of the whole army to form 84 military units, including services and arms units and provincial military region systems, various reform measures of the national defense mobilization system gradually landed and achieved new breakthroughs.

　　Planning and design are clearer. Combined with the formulation of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" for national defense mobilization construction, the long-term tasks of national defense mobilization in 2025 and the indicators of core mobilization ability are demonstrated and put forward. Various strategic directions, mobilization fields and provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have also formulated various planning plans at different levels.

　　Accelerate the transformation of the construction model. Vigorously promote the transformation of national defense mobilization from quantitative scale to quality and efficiency, from ensuring army operations to ensuring joint operations of services and arms, from corresponding construction to complementary construction, and from extensive mobilization to precise mobilization.

　　The field of mobilization continues to expand. Adhere to information-oriented, increase preparations for supporting and ensuring the mobilization of services and arms, strengthen the construction of new mobilization forces such as information support, electromagnetic spectrum, meteorology and hydrology, mapping and navigation, medical rescue, and maintenance of high-tech equipment, actively explore expansion in various fields, improve the ability of science and technology to participate in wars and support the front, and lead national defense mobilization to a higher level.

　　At the same time, in order to meet the requirements of the reform of the military leadership and command system, the National Defense Mobilization Department of the Military Commission has guided Jiangsu, Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan and other provinces and military regions to carry out relevant pilot work, and made useful explorations in building a wartime mobilization organization and command mechanism, a mobilization demand reporting and docking mechanism, and establishing and improving a mobilization preparation inspection and evaluation system.

　　Focus 3: There are many preferential policies for resettlement of retired soldiers and entrepreneurship and employment.

　　The State Council and the Central Military Commission promulgated the Regulations on Resettlement of Retired Soldiers in October 2011. The Regulations specify a series of preferential policies for resettlement and entrepreneurship of retired soldiers.

　　Eligible retired soldiers can be arranged by the government. Non-commissioned officers have served in active service for 12 years; During the period of active service, he usually won a prize above Class II or a prize above Class III in wartime; Disability due to war is rated as level 5 to level 8 disability; Children of martyrs will be arranged by the people’s government.

　　Retired soldiers who are self-employed enjoy a series of support policies. If conscripts and noncommissioned officers who have been in active service for less than 12 years retire from active service, the people’s government will support their own employment and get a one-time retirement pension for their own employment; Local governments at or above the county level should support retired soldiers to find jobs and start businesses, and give tax incentives in accordance with state regulations; Employers recruit retired soldiers and enjoy tax incentives according to law; The land contracted by self-employed retired soldiers through household contract before joining the army shall not be illegally recovered or forcibly transferred during the contract period.

　　College soldiers enjoy a series of preferential treatment after retirement. Ex-soldiers who have been admitted to ordinary colleges and universities before enlisting and retained their qualifications for admission or are studying in ordinary colleges and universities are allowed to enroll or resume their studies within two years after retiring from active service, and enjoy preferential treatment such as scholarships, grants and tuition reduction and exemption in accordance with relevant state regulations. Those who apply for graduate students can enjoy the "special postgraduate enrollment plan for retired college students and soldiers" of the Ministry of Education.

　　Eligible retired soldiers can retire or be supported by the state. The living, housing and medical care of retired non-commissioned officers shall be guaranteed in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state. Conscripts and junior noncommissioned officers who have been assessed as disabled at level 1 to level 4 are discharged from active service and are supported by the state for life.

　　【Extended reading】

　　Military service registration is a mandatory obligation.

　　In fact, many people don’t know what military service registration is, and think that I don’t have the will to be a soldier, so I don’t need to go to military service registration. However, this is not the case. Article 13 of China’s Military Service Law stipulates that the state practices the military service registration system. Every year before December 31st, male citizens who have reached the age of eighteen shall go to military service registration before June 30th of that year according to the arrangement of the military service organs of counties, autonomous counties, cities and municipal districts.

　　According to the relevant regulations, military service registration is the registration management for citizens who meet the military service age, and it is a compulsory obligation of the state. Male citizens of the appropriate age who do not intend to join the army for the time being must also undergo military service registration and verification. Military service registration, mainly to prepare for the annual conscription work. That is to say, it is not necessary to join the army after military service registration.

　　Avoiding registration is responsible for affecting credit reporting.

　　Evading or rejecting citizens of military service registration will not only affect their normal participation in the army, but will also be subject to administrative punishment. According to the provisions of the Military Service Law, if a citizen who applies for enlistment refuses, evades the solicitation and refuses to make corrections, he shall not be employed as a civil servant or a staff member managed according to the Civil Service Law, and shall not go abroad (territory) or pursue further studies within two years. If the refusal to perform relevant obligations in wartime constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law. (Feng Renqing)

In the 1970s, the international situation changed rapidly, and a new situation appeared in China’s foreign relations. In 1974, Mao Zedong made a new judgment on the international pattern and put forward a strategic idea of dividing the three worlds.

From a "middle zone" to "two middle zones"

The strategic thought of dividing the three worlds contains profound thinking and long-term exploration of the international pattern, which comes from the theory of "middle zone"

Regarding the division of international pattern, Mao Zedong first put forward a theory of "middle zone". After World War II, the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union deteriorated, and a full-scale civil war broke out between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. It was impossible for Mao Zedong to put China on the road of new democracy through peaceful and democratic means. At the critical moment of the situation transformation, Mao Zedong put forward the theory of "two camps" and "one middle ground" in the summer of 1946. He believes that the post-war world is divided into a peaceful and democratic camp headed by the socialist Soviet Union and a reactionary camp headed by American imperialist forces; There is a vast middle zone between the United States and the Soviet Union, which is composed of many capitalist countries and colonial and semi-colonial countries in Europe, Asia and Africa. The realistic problem facing the world after the war is that the United States is trying to control and invade countries in the middle zone, including China. This theory makes a unique division of various international political forces, points out China’s position in the world, and clarifies the relationship between friends and enemies of the China Revolution in the world. Since then, when the China Revolution is about to win, this theory naturally leads to the conclusion of "one-sided" to the socialist Soviet Union.

Since then, with the changes in the international situation and surrounding environment, Mao Zedong has put forward the strategy of "two intermediate zones". In the early 1960s, the international movements of countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America against imperialism and colonialism, striving for and safeguarding national independence continued to rise, and the internal contradictions in the capitalist world continued to develop. Judging from China’s foreign relations, Sino-US relations continue to be tense, and Sino-Soviet relations are on the verge of rupture. From the end of 1963 to the beginning of 1964, Mao Zedong put forward the strategy of striving for "two intermediate zones". He divided the "middle zone" into two parts, one part refers to the underdeveloped countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, and the other part refers to capitalist countries and eastern European countries except the United States. Mao Zedong pointed out that these two parts are opposed to American control, while eastern European countries are opposed to Soviet control. Mao Zedong believes that in the process of confronting the two great powers, China should unite the two middle areas as much as possible. The strategy of "two intermediate zones" has relieved China’s external pressure to some extent. In 1964, China and France broke through the barriers of different ideologies and social systems and formally established diplomatic relations. During this period, China’s relations with African and Arab countries have also developed significantly.

The changes in Sino-US relations have caused a chain reaction.

In the early 1970s, the foundation of tripartite relations between China, the United States and the Soviet Union changed significantly, and the trend towards multipolarity in the world gradually emerged. Mao Zedong began to re-examine the new international situation and China’s foreign relations, and put forward the strategic idea of "three worlds" division.

Since the late 1960s, new changes have taken place in the international pattern. First of all, the balance of power between the United States and the Soviet Union has changed, from the dominance of the United States to a balance of power, and the position of the United States among Western allies has also weakened. Secondly, western Europe and Japan are gradually reviving, and the centrifugal tendency of eastern European countries towards the Soviet Union is also developing. Finally, China has gradually become an independent and important political force on the international stage, and the power and influence of other Asian, African and Latin American countries have also further increased. During this period, China’s foreign relations have undergone major changes. On the one hand, the border conflict between China and the Soviet Union in 1969 and the nuclear threat of the Soviet Union since then made Mao Zedong deeply feel the seriousness of national security issues. On the other hand, China and the United States began to ease their relations out of consideration for their respective national security. In the spring of 1971, "Ping-Pong Diplomacy" kicked off the relaxation of Sino-US relations. In February of the following year, President Nixon visited Beijing, and the process of Sino-American reconciliation started. In October 1971, the 26th United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution to restore China’s lawful seat in the United Nations, and then the climax of the establishment of diplomatic relations between countries and China appeared. With the relaxation of Sino-US relations, the Soviet Union has become the biggest and most direct threat to China. In 1973, Mao Zedong put forward the strategic idea of "one line" and "one large area", hoping to establish a United front from Japan through Europe to the United States.

With the rapid development of international situation and China’s foreign relations, Mao Zedong put forward the strategic idea of dividing three worlds. In February 1974, when talking with Zambian President kaunda, Mao Zedong first put forward the strategic idea of dividing the three worlds. He pointed out: "I think the United States and the Soviet Union are the first world. The centrists, Japan, Europe, Australia and Canada, are the second world. We are the third world. " He also said: "The third world has a large population. Asia is a third world except Japan. All of Africa is the third world, and Latin America is also the third world. " According to the division of Mao Zedong, China belongs to the third world, so it is necessary to strengthen unity with third world countries and strive for unity with second world countries; Among the two superpowers in the first world, they mainly develop relations with the United States and concentrate on opposing the hegemonism of the Soviet Union.

On April 6, 1974, at the proposal of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping led a delegation from China to attend the sixth special session of the United Nations General Assembly. This is the first time that a People’s Republic of China (PRC) leader has attended a United Nations meeting, which has attracted worldwide attention. On April 10th, in his speech at the conference, Deng Xiaoping comprehensively expounded Mao Zedong’s strategic thought on dividing the three worlds and China’s foreign policy. He emphasized that China is a socialist country and a developing country, and China belongs to the third world. The government of China and the people of China firmly support all the oppressed people and nations in their struggle for and maintenance of national independence, development of national economy and opposition to colonialism, imperialism and hegemonism. China is not and will never be a superpower. This has actually repositioned China’s international role and further clarified China’s corresponding international responsibilities.

Compared with the "two intermediate zones" strategy in the 1960s, the most obvious difference in the strategic thinking of the three worlds is to treat the Soviet Union at the same level as the United States. This change is based on the changes in the relations between China, the United States and the Soviet Union, uniting with the party that poses less threat to China and concentrating on preventing the main threat from China. In terms of ideological methods, the criteria for dividing the three worlds are no longer based on the nature of class and society, but mainly on comprehensive national strength. It enables people to clearly see the position of countries in the world in international political and economic relations.

Expanded the stage of China’s diplomatic activities.

The strategic thought of dividing the three worlds is the result of Mao Zedong’s long-term deliberation, which has great significance and far-reaching influence on China’s foreign strategy and foreign relations.

The strategic thought of dividing the three worlds is based on Mao Zedong’s scientific judgment on the international situation and accurate understanding of the international pattern. It is saturated with Mao Zedong’s long-term political experience in international struggle and is the development of Mao Zedong’s United front theory under the new situation. The strategic thought of dividing the three worlds reveals the main characteristics of the development of the world situation at that time and the basic pattern of the strength comparison among countries in the world, and determines China’s international status and strategic goals from the historical, realistic and strategic significance. This thought has long been the theoretical basis and main basis of China’s foreign strategy, and its role and influence continued until the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the disappearance of bipolar confrontation and the overall change of the original international pattern.

Under the guidance of Mao Zedong’s strategic thought of dividing three worlds, China’s diplomatic work has made a comprehensive breakthrough. China broke through the pattern of "two camps", implemented the policy of "one line" and "one large area", persisted in opposing the hegemonism and the threat of war of superpowers, worked hard to normalize Sino-US relations, actively improved relations with second world countries, and vigorously developed friendly cooperation with third world countries and other types of countries. From 1970 to 1976, China successively established diplomatic relations with 61 countries, and more than 110 countries established diplomatic relations with China, including most countries in the world at that time. This completely broke the diplomatic deadlock caused by China’s isolation and containment for a long time, greatly improved the international environment in China, and greatly expanded the scope of China’s diplomatic activities. At the same time, it also ensures that China can smoothly implement reform and opening up and participate in international affairs more extensively in the near future.

Author: Sun Yanling

Source: study times.

In order to thoroughly study, publicize and implement General Secretary Supreme Leader’s important thoughts on cyber power, implement the important instructions of General Secretary Supreme Leader on cyber security and informatization and the spirit of the national conference on cyber security and informatization, and consolidate and deepen the achievements of thematic education, on September 14th, the Central Network Information Office held a seminar on studying, publicizing and implementing General Secretary Supreme Leader’s important thoughts and theories on cyber power. Taking "An Introduction to the Important Thoughts of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the Network Power" as an authoritative reading, we will exchange learning experiences, deepen theoretical discussions, promote the implementation of learning and publicity, and provide spiritual motivation and theoretical support for promoting the construction of a network power and creating a new situation of high-quality development of the network information industry.

Internet is an important achievement of the development of human civilization, and the rule of law is the basic way of Internet governance. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has attached great importance to the work of network rule by law, emphasizing the need to adhere to the rule of law, run the network according to law, and surf the Internet according to law, so that the Internet can operate healthily on the track of rule by law. In March, 2023, the State Council Press Office issued a white paper entitled "China’s Network Rule of Law Construction in the New Era". In July 2023, the book "An Introduction to the Important Thoughts of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on Network Power" organized by the Office of the Central Cyber Security and Informatization Committee was distributed nationwide. It can be seen that it is of great significance for us to promote the construction of a network power by governing the network according to law and making the network run orderly and healthily on the track of rule of law.

Deeply understand the important connotation and significance of the important thought of the Supreme Leader General Secretary about the network power.

The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward a series of strategic, forward-looking and creative views on how to build a network power, and profoundly expounded the basic issues such as the goal, vision, overall layout and development direction of developing the Internet in the new era, including the concept of governing the Internet according to law, the concept of network sovereignty and the concept of network governance.

The concept of governing the internet according to law emphasizes that cyberspace, like the real society, should strengthen the legislation in the field of the internet and improve the laws and regulations on the management of the network society. "Cyberspace is the same as the real society", and it is necessary to advocate freedom and maintain order. To govern the Internet according to law, it is necessary to guide online public opinion with socialist core values, to strengthen content supervision, to create a good network ecology, and to condense the lasting power of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

The concept of cyber sovereignty is becoming more and more important under the background of great power game in the new era, especially under the current situation that western powers regard cyberspace as an ideological breakthrough. Ideology has become one of the important factors of national political security. With the development of technology, the Internet platform will inevitably become an important place for ideological and public opinion confrontation among countries. How to master the dominance of network ideology and win the battle of network ideology is a particularly noteworthy issue in recent years. National sovereignty is inviolable, and network sovereignty is the realistic requirement of national network governance model, so we should earnestly respect the network sovereignty of all countries and safeguard national security.

The concept of network governance is an important content and means to realize the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity. Based on the experience and development of domestic social governance, the concept of network governance promotes the reform of the global Internet governance system, caters to the wisdom of China and the experience of China that China has contributed to the network governance of all countries in the world, and takes respect as the premise and win-win as the goal.

The important thought of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary about the network power is the latest achievement of Marxism in China, the successful combination of Marx’s basic principles and Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s construction, and an important part of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era. The important thought of the Supreme Leader General Secretary about the network power applies the development and standardization of cyberspace to the governance framework of our country reasonably. At the same time, in the process of improving the governance of domestic cyberspace, the important thought of the Supreme Leader General Secretary about the network power tries to apply China wisdom to the cooperation and governance of the world cyberspace, which provides a Chinese scheme and feasible path for promoting global Internet governance.

Generate, the supreme leader’s general secretary’s important thought about the network power, has gained great energy.First, it embodies the people-centered concept.In recent years, the "Broadband China" strategy, the "internet plus" plan and the national big data strategy have promoted the integration of the Internet and the real economy, and promoted the rapid upgrading of traditional industries. The influence of Chinese Internet companies such as Alibaba, Tencent and Huawei has risen rapidly, and their business scope and service quality have also improved significantly. Network technology has been integrated into people’s lives at a faster and deeper speed, and is gradually realizing "providing useful, affordable and well-used information services for the people", and taking improving people’s well-being as the starting point and foothold of the development of network technology in China.

Second, the initial intention of actively participating in international cooperation has been realized.Today, countries have basically the same vision and direction for the development of digital economy and cyberspace. Therefore, it is of great significance to deepen the international cooperation and exchange of network governance, with common progress as the driving force and win-win as the goal. Only by mutual respect and trust can we advance together; Only by increasing communication and exchange can we achieve a win-win situation.

Third, it has achieved an important guarantee for national security.In recent years, cyberspace has been called "the battlefield without smoke" in the game among countries. Compared with traditional armament weapons, the lethality and destructive power of cyber weapons have been greatly enhanced. The cultivation and practice of ideology and values determine the stability and security of the country. Therefore, we must focus on network governance and firmly control the network position.

Governing the Internet according to law, running the Internet according to law and surfing the Internet according to law will promote the new journey of social governance in cyberspace.

(A) the new idea of governing the Internet according to law

The so-called governance of cyberspace according to law refers to the extension of social governance to cyberspace according to law, the establishment and improvement of a comprehensive network governance system, the strengthening of pipe networks according to law, the establishment of networks according to law and the access to the Internet according to law, and the comprehensive promotion of the legalization of cyberspace. According to the "Implementation Outline of Building a Society under the Rule of Law (2020-2025)", the governance of cyberspace according to law is mainly reflected in the improvement of the legal system, the cultivation of the awareness of the rule of law and the protection of the legal rights and interests of the network.

Improve the legal system and lay the foundation of the rule of law."Cyberspace is not a place outside the law", and the rule of law is the basic way of Internet governance. It has become a global consensus to use the concept of rule of law, rule of law thinking and rule of law means to promote Internet governance according to law. At this stage, China has basically formed a network legal system based on the Constitution, laws, administrative regulations, departmental rules and local regulations, traditional legislation, and special legislation such as network construction and management, network security and informatization, etc. Nevertheless, in the face of the products of the new era, on the road of ruling the Internet according to law, we should still adhere to scientific and democratic legislation, improve the relevant legal system of cyberspace, establish and improve the network security review and management system, make the network security legal system better serve the people, and lay the legal foundation for social governance in the Internet era.

Cultivate the awareness of the rule of law, and adhere to the rule of virtue.Cyberspace is virtual, but it is realistic to use the main body of cyberspace. In the process of network activities, we should clarify our rights and obligations, enhance our legal reserves, and operate legally under the guidance of socialist core values and the main theme of the times. At the same time, strictly regulate the promotion of online media literacy to the awareness of the rule of law, strengthen the institutionalization of online integrity, and strengthen the guidance to the people and related subjects.

Safeguard legal rights and interests and achieve a win-win situation for all parties.Prevent network security risks according to law and strengthen the protection of legal rights and interests of all subjects in network activities. At a time when telecom fraud, cyber financial crimes, cyber libel and other acts are frequent, perfecting the information sharing mechanism, vigorously propagating anti-fraud ideas, and strengthening the punishment of related illegal and criminal acts are the implementation and promotion of governing the internet according to law, and also the further realization of comprehensively governing the country according to law.

(2) A new journey of social governance

Promoting the rule of law and building a network power is an important driving force for economic development, a source of people’s happy life, an important guarantee for national security and an important way for international cooperation.

Explore in real opportunities.With the development of human society rolling forward, the Internet has already become a brand-new carrier of information dissemination, and cyberspace has already formed a new world of human life. As a network power, we seize the importance of network governance in the opportunity, and gradually systematize and theorize.

Explore in the process of practice.The formation of any thought is inseparable from practice. From the professional information team to the leading group of network security and informatization, China has never slackened off on network governance, and the new ideas from the traditional social governance model to Internet governance have been enriched by bit by bit practical experience.

It is a brand-new task of the new era and a brand-new journey of social governance to implement the important thought of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on strengthening the country by network under the background of the strategy of comprehensively governing the country according to law. Only by creatively applying the existing social governance experience to the governance of cyberspace can the energy contained in Internet technology be maximized. (Author: Li Dan, Associate Professor, School of Law, Institute of International Relations)