At present, with the continuous winter in various places, respiratory diseases have entered a period of high incidence, and a variety of respiratory pathogens are superimposed, and the number of children infected is increasing. At present, many notices have been issued: don’t go to work with illness.
Tianjin: put an end to going to work in spite of illness.
On November 28th, Healthy Tianjin WeChat WeChat official account released the latest influenza classification warning in Tianjin. The influenza epidemic classification in Tianjin was Grade III, which was at the epidemic level, and the ILI% in Tianjin was 9.63%, which was higher than the baseline (4.40%). The influenza virus was mainly detected as influenza A (H3N2), followed by influenza B (Victoria strain). It is estimated that from November 27th to December 3rd, the level of influenza activity is high, reaching the yellow warning level, and influenza virus infection is more likely to occur.
The article also reminds the public: on the basis of keeping indoor air circulation, paying attention to environmental hygiene, reasonably increasing or decreasing clothes and enhancing their immunity, put an end to going to work and attending classes with illness; Try to avoid contact with patients with influenza-like cases, and wear masks when necessary; Minimize going to closed places with crowded people and dirty air; It is recommended that citizens who have not been vaccinated against influenza, especially the elderly, children and people with basic diseases, be vaccinated against influenza; Schools, kindergartens and other collective units should do a good job in monitoring absence due to illness and morning and afternoon inspection, and students with fever should leave school or leave the park in time.
Shandong: Health First
On November 27th, the Education Department of Shandong Province issued a notice, advocating that teachers and students firmly establish the educational concept of "health first", effectively coping with the current overlapping epidemic risks of various infectious diseases in Shandong Province, and ensuring the safety and health of teachers and students to the maximum extent.
It is mentioned in the notice that differentiated teaching design should be made according to students’ physical conditions, and there is no mandatory requirement for knowledge learning and homework of students who have not recovered from illness. It is not recommended to catch up and make up homework during illness.
The circular also suggested that primary school students should sleep for 10 hours a day, junior high school students should sleep for 9 hours and senior high school students should sleep for 8 hours. Primary and secondary schools should co-ordinate the existing school conditions and facilities, create lunch break conditions for students according to local conditions, and effectively protect the lunch break and sleep quality of primary and secondary school students.
In addition, schools should pay close attention to students’ psychological changes, reduce excessive study anxiety, and do not rush to return to school after their health improves. Sick students can use online teaching resources such as national wisdom platform in primary and secondary schools to study at home.
Beijing: Everything is about children’s health.
On November 25th, WeChat official account, the WeChat of Capital Education, issued a message, stressing that children’s health should be the most important thing in everything, and students should not be required to do homework during their illness.
The Education Working Committee of Beijing Municipal Committee and the Municipal Education Commission said that it is necessary to ensure the health and safety of students to the maximum extent, do a good job in monitoring the health of teachers and students, and ensure that teachers and students do not go to work with illness.
It is mentioned in the article that the school does not impose rigid requirements on students’ homework during illness, and it is not recommended to catch up and make up homework during illness, and everything is based on children’s health; Guide students to wear masks scientifically, adhere to frequent hand washing, frequent ventilation, moderate exercise, and enhance physical fitness and immunity.
Hebei CDC experts reminded
On November 24, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Handan City, Hebei Province also issued prevention and control reminders. The measures are also clear: teachers and students are not allowed to go to work and go to school with illness after being infected with influenza, COVID-19 and mycoplasma pneumoniae; Students should report immediately if they feel unwell, so as to avoid attending classes with illness.
In addition, Wang Xi, chief technician of the Institute of Bacterial Disease Prevention and Disinfection of Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that there are two main modes of transmission of influenza: one is through droplets such as sneezing and coughing; Second, it is spread through direct or indirect contact with mucous membranes such as oral cavity and nasal cavity, including contact with items contaminated by viruses.
Shanxi: Avoid taking classes with illness.
On November 23rd, WeChat official account, a dynamic WeChat for disease control in Shanxi, issued a health warning: In order to actively prevent and control respiratory infectious diseases in autumn and winter, Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention reminded the public and relevant units to actively take scientific and standardized prevention and control measures.
It is mentioned in the measures that students should report immediately when they feel unwell to avoid taking classes with illness.
After the child has respiratory symptoms, pay attention to the changes of the condition. If the child has persistent fever, severe cough and repeated illness, he should seek medical advice in time. When family members take care of patients and accompany them to see a doctor, they should also wear masks and protect themselves. After the child is diagnosed, he should be treated according to the doctor’s advice, rest at home and avoid repeated visits.
A little more news "
How to distinguish mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza virus and Covid-19?
The symptoms caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza virus and Covid-19 are similar. How to judge that the etiological diagnosis can be confirmed by antigen and nucleic acid detection?
Chen Meifang, deputy chief physician of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, said that it is difficult to judge whether it is influenza, Covid-19 infection or superimposed infection. The clinical symptoms of influenza mainly include chills, high fever, fatigue, muscle aches, headache and other systemic toxic blood symptoms, and may be accompanied by respiratory symptoms such as cough, sore throat and runny nose. Generally speaking, the symptoms of toxic blood are severe and the respiratory symptoms are relatively mild. Abnormal sense of smell and taste are the unique accompanying symptoms of Covid-19 infection.
Chen Meifang said that early identification and definite diagnosis require simultaneous detection of antigens and nucleic acids of novel coronavirus and influenza viruses. Antigen testing can be done at home by yourself, but pay attention to sampling in strict accordance with the instructions to avoid false negatives. Because the early positive rate is low, some of them need to be tested several times in a row. If infection cannot be ruled out, nucleic acid detection is needed, because nucleic acid detection is more sensitive than antigen. In the later stage, antibody detection can help to make a definite diagnosis.
Some respiratory disease experts analyzed: "Under normal circumstances, if the rapid antibody detection method is used, there will be problems that cannot be detected. This is because the antibody of Mycoplasma pneumoniae appears late, which may not appear until about a week after infection. If PCR nucleic acid detection is used, it will be more accurate, but it will take longer and cost more."
The long incubation period is a remarkable feature of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and the average incubation period of pathogens after exposure is 2 ~ 3 weeks.
Wang Xinyu, deputy director of the Infectious Diseases Department of Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, said that there is no clinical or imaging feature that can clearly distinguish mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia from pneumonia caused by other pathogens. It is not necessary for ordinary mild patients to go to the hospital for PCR detection at the beginning; If the patient’s symptoms are serious, it needs microbiological diagnosis, such as PCR nucleic acid amplification test to help the diagnosis.
In addition, due to the self-limitation of respiratory virus infection, not all of them need antiviral treatment, and some can relieve symptoms. However, for the elderly, children under 5 years old and special people with low immunity, they should seek medical treatment in time. For example, when a child has superhigh fever or persistent fever for more than three days, frequent coughing affects his normal life, his mental state is not good, and even he has drowsiness, increased breathing frequency or difficulty breathing, frequent vomiting, rash, headache or convulsions, etc., he should take the child to see a doctor in time.
Several misunderstandings about respiratory diseases
Mycoplasma pneumonia is a variation of COVID-19?Tong Zhaohui, director of the Beijing Institute of Respiratory Diseases, said that mycoplasma was discovered in the early 20th century, and it was not confirmed that it was a pathogen until the end of the 20th century, while Covid-19 was not known until the end of 2019. There is no relationship between them. Why are children particularly susceptible to mycoplasma infection? Tong Zhaohui said that children’s immune system is underdeveloped and their resistance is not as good as that of adults, so they are more susceptible to infection.
Once you have a cold and a fever, you have to get an infusion quickly?Tong Zhaohui said that "the infusion of cold and fever is faster", which is actually a misunderstanding. Compared with the flu, the temperature of cold and fever is lower, and the symptoms are lighter, often the symptoms of the upper respiratory tract. If you have a fever or cough after a cold, you can take antipyretic or cough-relieving drugs at home. Pay attention to rest, drink plenty of water and supplement nutrition. For the flu, some flu may cause pneumonia or even severe pneumonia. At this time, you may have to be hospitalized, and the resident doctor will judge whether you need infusion. Zhang Wenhong also said that general infusion is limited to hospitalized critically ill patients, or some drugs cannot be taken orally and can only be infused. For the common cold, oral medicine is more effective.
Mycoplasma pneumonia can completely heal itself at home?Tong Zhaohui said that in most cases, whether it is a virus or mycoplasma, if it is confined to the upper respiratory tract, most of it can heal itself, and a small part may develop into pneumonia. Zhang Wenhong said that in general, mycoplasma pneumonia can be improved by some symptomatic drugs at home, but it is necessary to pay attention to whether it develops in the direction of severe illness. For example, if the child’s situation improves after taking the medicine, he can observe it at home; If you still have a high fever after taking antipyretics, you should seek medical advice as soon as possible.
Comprehensive sources: Healthy Tianjin, CCTV News, China News Network, CBN, China Youth Daily.
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